This document discusses various elements of literature including that it is a form of human expression using language and creativity to evoke responses in readers. It can include fantasy, feelings, ideas and more conveyed through words. Literary elements discussed include figures of speech, images, themes and more. Reading literature is a process that uses a reader's knowledge and strategies to understand, evaluate and appreciate the work. Main genres discussed are lyrical, narrative and drama. Additional elements covered are plot structure, character types, point of view, time and space in narratives.

3. It is a form of human expression,
communicated by means of words in a text
having aesthetic value.
It is the use of language and creativity to
evoke a personal response in the reader.
It is a world of fantasy, horror, feelings,
ideas, criticism… put into words.

4. Figures of speech (metaphor, simile,
personification, oxymoron, paradox etc)
Unusual syntactic patterns (eg. Reversing
the order of subject and verb)
Use of images and symbols
Use of theme, concept and idea
Creation of literal and lateral meaning

5.  A process of the development of skills and
abilities reached by the reader, that results
from the articulation between his/her literary
knowledge, intercultural knowledge,
expressive abilities, and cognitive, linguistic
and emotional strategies, through direct
contact and enjoyment of the literary work to
be able to evaluate, value, criticise and
aprehend it. (Tabernero y Dueñas, 2003, p.1).


6. Lyrical
Narrative
Drama

7. NARRATIVE LEVELS
 Narrative text
 Real > Implicit > Narrator> Narratee >Implicit > Real
author author reader
reader

8.  PLOT
STRUCTURE or SPACIAL
ORGANIZATION:
Introduction, complication &
resolution.
Resolution (open or closed)

9. TYPES OF SPACIAL ORGANIZATION:
Lineal
 Beginning Ending
Circular
 Beginning Ending

10. Chinese boxes or Russian dolls structure.

11. Kaleidoscope structure

12.  CHARACTERS
 According to their nature:
 Fictional, historical,allegorical or symbolic,
biographical, autobiographical.
 According to their importance in the
development of the plot:
 Main/secondary
 According to their psycological depth:
 Round/flat
 According to their development/growth:
Dynamic/static

13.  POINT OF VIEW
Omniscient (third person)
Limited omniscient (third person)
First person
Objective (third person)

14. TIME/CHRONOLOGY
Linear
Anachronistic: Analepsis (flashback) “in
media res”
Prolepsis (flashforward)
SPACE
CRONOTOPE (Bajtín)