2. Other Environmental Issues Conservation of resources Energy Issue Over population Intensive farming and intensive agriculture Land degradation Environmental degradation Ocean deoxygenation Sustainable development Environmental pollution
3. Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollution is the introduction of a waste into the atmosphere making it impossible for the life on earth possible to sustain The dangerous effects of pollution are a result of undesirable changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and water. The agents or substances that causes pollution are known as pollutants (biodegradable and non-biodegradable).
14. Air Pollution Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.
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16. Decomposing garbage and open sewers: breeding ground for flies, mosquitoes, germs and other haarmul bactereia.
28. Effects Water pollution has damaged the food chain Contaminated drinking water causes cholera, typhoid, poor blood pressure, vomiting, and damage to nervous system Pollution in water alter overall chemistry of water, causing a lot of changes in temperature which adversely effects the marine life and destroys it.
29. Control Imposing laws to combat water pollution Care of existing trees and planting new ones to promote penetration of water into soil Supplementary nutrients in agriculture Domestic sewage Being conscious over selves and educating younger ones Waste water treatment
30. Noise Pollution Noise is any undesirable sound. Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life.
31. Effects Noise health effects are both health and behavioral in nature.The unwanted sound is called noise. This unwanted sound can damage physiological and psychological health. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects An impact of noise on animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy areas may cause, which in the case of endangered species may be part of the path to extinction
32. Control Source Control: Include source modification such as acoustic treatment to machine surfaces, design changes, limiting the operational timings Transmission Path Intervention: Containing the sources inside a sound insulating enclosure, construction of noise barrier Receptor Control: protection on receiver’s side.
33. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Solid Waste can be defined as-’Any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, semi solid, liquid or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations.’ Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
34. Elements of Waste Management Generation Rate: Used to evaluate reuse, recycle feasibility, processing and disposal requirements. On site handling, storage and processing: Onsite preparation of waste for reuse, recycle, etc. Collection: Physical gathering of waste. Transfer and transport: Bulk transport to a processing, recovery or disposal facility. Processing and recovery: recovery of waste as raw material or energy or preparation of waste for disposal. Disposal: Ultimate fate of non-reusable and non-recyclable waste.
35. Methods of Disposal Recycling : Recycling refers to the widespread collection and reuse of everyday waste materials such as empty containers. Recycling is processing used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emission.
36. II. Landfill : A landfill site (also known as dump or rubbish dump), is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Gases are produced in landfills due to the anaerobic digestion by microbes on any organic matter. This gas can be collected and flared off or used to generate electricity in a gas fired power plant. Landfill in Poland
37. II. Incineration: Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials.Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat and reduces the volume of solid waste to 20-30 percent. Incineration significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal incineration plant in Vienna
38. Land Pollution Land pollution is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Health hazard disposal of urban and industrial wastes, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate agricultural practices are a few factors.
51. Adhering to the government regulations. Creating green zones in factories. Identify and select right type device or system, it could be a stand alone or fully engineered complete packaged for pollution control. The best method for any type of waste treatment is to recycle or to recover the pollutants from the waste. It ensures conservation of environmental resources, reduces the cost of production, creates opportunity for employment, besides considerable eliminating the load of pollution.
52. Chemical Pollution Chemical Pollution is caused due to contamination of the environment due to chemicals byproduct. It may originate from industrial areas as well as from anywhere where there are people. Its major effect is on marine or soil composition. Various chemical waste are: Industrial Chemical waste Oil Sewage disposal in water
53. Government Initiatives for Environment The government is not just the protector of the environment but also has a major responsibility for sustaining environmental conscience. In India, the Ministry of Environment and Forest is the main nodal agency for generating environmental consciousness and making and implementing schemes for environmental protection. The government’s policy focuses to check land and water degradation through waste land management and restoration of river water quality programs. The policy also focuses to provide for conservation of natural resources by declaration of reserved forests, biosphere reserve and protection of endangered species. It also makes laws and acts for environment protection and strictly implementing them.
