Aircraft engines

1. CHAPTER ONE
AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT
CLASSIFICATION AND
PROGRESS

2. OBJECTIVES
• TO DEVELOP AN AWARENESS OF
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRCRAFT
POWERPLANTS
BE ABLE TO:
DISCUSS THE HISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
ENGINES
EXPLAIN AIRCRAFT ENGINE
CLASSIFICATION

3. INTRODUCTION
• MANKIND WAS FLYING HUNDREDS
OF YEARS BEFORE THE FIRST
SUCCESSFUL HEAVIER THAN AIR
FLIGHT
LIGHTER-THAN-AIR
GLIDERS
MANNED KITES IN ASIA

4. INTRODUCTION (CONT’D)
• FIRST SUCCESSFUL GAS ENGINE
WAS DEVELOPED IN 1860
FIRST SUCCESSFUL A/C ENGINE WAS
DEVELOPED BY WRIGHT BROS
AND THEIR MECHANIC
CHARLES TAYLOR

5. DEVELOPMENT OF AIRCRAFT
ENGINES
• FIRST SUCCESSFUL ENGINE – WRIGHT BROS
4 CYLINDER - 12 HP
• DEVELOPMENT ACCELERATED BY WWI
• POST WWI ENGINES:
OX-5 PACKARD V-12
RADIALS: WASP AND HORNET

6. RADIAL ENGINES
• MAIN ENGINE TYPES FROM WW I UNTIL
THE ADVENT OF TURBINE ENGINES
STILL IN SERVICE TODAY
SINGLE AND DOUBLE-ROW TYPES
LOWEST WT TO HP RATIO OF ALL
PISTON ENGINES
• MULTIPLE-ROW USED FROM WW II
UNTIL TURBINE ENGINES

7. LIGHT AIRPLANES AND
HELICOPTERS
• OPPOSED, FLAT, OR “O-TYPE” ENGINES
ARE MOST POPULAR
HP RANGES FROM LESS THAN 100
HP TO MORE THAN 400
OPPOSED-TYPE ENGINES HAVE THEIR
CYLINDERS MOUNTED HORIZONTALLY

8. ENGINE DESIGN AND
CLASSIFICATION
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VARIOUS
CHARACTERISTICS:
CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT
COOLING METHOD
STROKES PER CYCLE
• CLASSIFICATION MAY INCLUDE SOME
OBSOLETE TYPES

9. ENGINE CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING
TO CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT

10. DEVELOPED BY JD GEBHARDT
2000
CURRENT CLASSIFICATION
• CLASSIFIED BY CYLINDER
ARRANGEMENT AND DISPLACEMENT
LETTERS TO DESIGNATE TYPE AND
CHARACTERISTIC
NUMBERS INDICATE DISPLACEMENT

11. PROGRESS IN DESIGN
• THEORY OF DIMISHING RETURN:
RECIPROCATING ENGINES
LOSE EFFICIENCY IF THEY
WERE TO GET MUCH BIGGER
LIGHT AIRCRAFT HAVE BENEFITTED FROM
ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY SINCE WW II

12. JET PROPULSION
• FIRST JET-POWERED FLIGHT IN GERMANY
IN 1939
• SIR FRANK WHITTLE - GREAT BRITAIN/USA

13. CONCEPTS AND DESIGNS
• NEW DESIGNS INCLUDE BOTH TURBINE
AND RECIPROCATING ENGINES
• VOYAGER ENGINE
• PORSCHE PFM 3200
• AIRCRAFT ROTARY ENGINES
• TURBINE POWER
• PROP-FAN

14. REVIEW
• ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF DIFFERENT
TYPES
• DEVELOPMENT
SINCE WRIGHT BROS
• ENGINE CLASSIFICATION
• CURRENT ENGINE DEVELOPMENT