1. Presented by:-
Sanjana Murya
Bsc. Nsg IIIrd yr
Roll No. 74

2.  Menopause :-
Permanent cessation of menstruation caused by
failure of ovarian follicular development in the
presence of adequate gonadotrophin stimulation.
Derived from the Greek words “men” (month) and
“pausis” (cessation)
 Climacteric :-
The physiologic period in a women's life during
which there is regression of ovarian function.
 Premature ovarian failure :-
Cessation of menstruation due to depletion of
ovarian follicles before the age of 40y.

3. Typically between 42 and
56 years of age
Median - 51.4, range of
48-55 yrs
Median for
perimenopause - 47.5
years, median length of
4 years

4.  Physiologic menopause
 Iatrogenic menopause :-
Surgical, radiation therapy ,chemotherapy,
infection and tumor

6.  Degeneration of granulosa & thica cells
Failure to react to endogenous gonadotrophine
↓ Estrogen
↑ FSH & LH

7. Postmenopausal yearsPremenopausal years
* Monthly cycle begins to change.
* Number of stored eggs in the ovaries
decreases.
* Hormone levels fluctuate

8.  Androgens :-
 ↑ androgen level due to stromal cell
stimulation by endogenous gonadotrophins
 ↓ Androstenedion (adrenal)
 ↑ Testosterone level
 Estrogen :
 In preimenpausal women ,the main Estrogen
is E2
 In post menopause is E1(from the peripheral
conversion of Androstenadione)

9. Brain
Helps maintain body
temperature
mood, cognition,
sexual health
Ovaries
Stimulates maturation
and start of woman’s
menstrual cycle
Vagina
Stimulates maturation
and helps maintain
lubricated and thick
vaginal lining
Heart and liver
Regulates production of
cholesterol / decreases
plaque in coronary
arteries
Bones
Helps to preserve bone
density
Breast
Stimulates development
at puberty and prepares
glands for future milk
production
Uterus
Stimulates maturation
and helps to prepare the
uterus to nourish a
developing fetus

10.  Hot flushes / night sweats
 Irregular periods
 Change in cholesterol / blood vessels
 Mental function
 Sexuality
 Sleep disturbances
 Joint discomfort
 Vaginal / vulvar / bladder changes
 Loss of bone / osteoporosis
 Mood changes
No two women experience
menopause in the same way

11.  Lifestyle changes
 Alternative & complementary therapies
 Traditional hormonal therapy
 Non-hormonal prescription therapies
 Avoid triggers (hot drinks, alcohol)
 Breathing techniques
 Ceiling/bedside fan
 Cool evening shower or bath
 Dress in layers - dry wicking clothing
 Turn down thermostat

12.  How Can We Maximize Our Health
As We Get Older?

13.  94% of risks are things you
 can change:
 1. Obesity
 2. High blood pressure
 3. Smoking
 4. Stress
 5. Diet (fruits and vegetables)
 6. Alcohol
 7. Blood lipid levels

14.  Balanced diet
 Reduce total fat
intake / cholesterol
intake
 Control weight
 Calcium 1000 –
1500 mg / day
 Vitamin D at least
400-800 IU / day
 Limit alcohol intake
 Limit caffeine intake

15. 1 in 4 women over 50 has osteoporosis
Estrogen helps maintain bone strength
Crucial time: 2 to 4 years around the last
menstrual period

16.  Essential for good bone health
 Average Canadian diet –
only 500 mg per day
 Recommended intakes
(from diet and supplements):
◦ Peri-menopause - 1000 mg/d
◦ Post-menopause - 1500 mg/d
◦ Should be taken in divided doses
 Calcium therapy alone is not enough to
prevent fracture

17.  Important to maintain
bone health
 Most recommend intake
of 1000 IU/day
 Deficiency due to limited sun exposure / use
of sunscreen
 Food sources not adequate
 May be more important
than calcium

18.  Risk to your health:
◦ Diabetes
◦ Hypertension
◦ Cancer
◦ Stroke
 Will happen if you don’t maintain an
active lifestyle
 Average weight gain 5-10 lbs

19.  •Estrogens and progestogens prescribed to
treat symptoms of menopause (e.g., hot
flashes, vaginal dryness) not to treat or to
achieve a specific blood hormone level
 •Also effective for prevention of osteoporosis
and urogenital atrophy.
 •Detailed scientific studies have evaluated
efficacy and safety (including endometrial
safety)

20.  •Monitor BP, glucose, lipid profile, thyroid function
 •Regular Pap smear
 •Regular breast exam (personal & provincial
mammogram screening program)
 •Bowel cancer screening
 •Flu shot
 •Safe sex
 •Selective bone density testing
 •Fracture risk assessment
 •Cautionary recommendations concerning accidents
such as falls or slips

21. Above ALL…..
Be The Heroine Of Your Life…Classy &
Fabulous….!!   
As UsuaL….
There Is A Great Women Behind Every
Interesting Idiot…..!!   