MOTIVATION THEORIES , HIERARCHY OF NEED THEORY, 2 FACTOR THOERY

1. MOTIVATION
Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is important that
you do it

2. What is Motivation?
Process which begins with a physiological or psychological need or
deficiency which triggers a behaviour or a desire that is aimed at a goal or
an incentive.
• Needs
drives
incentives
All the internal conditions that stir up activity and sustain activity of an
individual.
• Starts and sustain activities
Process of arousing the action, sustaining the activity in process and
regulating the pattern of activity.
• Starts, sustain and regulate.

4. 3 Groups of Motivational Theories
Internal
Suggest that variables within the individual give rise to
motivation and behavior
Example: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
Process
Emphasize the nature of the interaction between the
individual and the environment.
Example: Expectancy theory
External
Focus on environmental elements to explain behavior.
Example: Two-factor theory

5. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
Given by ABRAHAM MASLOW
Needs were categorized as five levels of lower-higher-order
needs.
Individual must satisfy lower-level needs before they can satisfy
higher order needs.
Satisfied needs will no longer motivate
Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that a
person is on the hierarchy

6. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

7. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

8. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

9. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

10. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

11. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

12. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
Relevance of Maslow’s Theory for
Managers
Effective managers can anticipate emerging needs based
on individual need profiles and provide opportunities for
fulfilment
The esteem level of needs satisfied by jobs and
recognition provides managers with the greatest
opportunity to motivate better performance

13. Expectancy theory
• Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding
choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual
undergoes to make choices. Expectancy theory is a motivation
theory first proposed by Victor Vroom.

14. Expectancy theory
The final
outcome
Work
required
To
reach
A level of
performance
Expectancy: how confident you are
that if you put in the effort required you
will actually reach the goal.
Which
should
lead to
Valence: how much you
really want the outcome.
Instrumentality: how confident
you are that the goal really will
lead to the outcome.

15. Expectancy theory
Expectancy
• If I try, will I
succeed?

16. Two-factor theory
• Two factor model
Maintenance & Motivational Factors

17. Two-factor theory

18. Two-factor theory

19. Two-factor theory
• Company policy &
administration
• Supervision
• Interpersonal Relations
• Working conditions
• Salary
• Status
• Security
Hygiene factors avoid
job dissatisfaction
Motivation factors
increase job satisfaction
•
•
•
•
•
•
Achievement
Achievement recognition
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth

20. Two-factor theory
• PROBLEMS
It ignores situational variables.
No overall measure of satisfaction
was utilized.
The reliability of Herzberg
methodology was questioned.

21. THANK YOU