Профессор Слоуновской школы менеджмента при MIT Нил Хартман рассказал в Digital October, какие ошибки случаются, если вы строите компанию с представителями различных культур или пытаетесь перенести глобальные практики бизнеса на чужеродную почву, и как их избежать. http://digitaloctober.ru/ru/events/knowledge_stream_1000_i_1_kultura_predprinimatelstva

1. Knowledge Stream
1000 and 1 Entrepreneur Cultures
Prof. Neal Hartman
E62-342
MIT Sloan School of Management

2. Agenda
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•
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Trends in Entrepreneurship
Profile of Entrepreneurs
Key Competencies for Intercultural Communication
Dimensions of Culture
– Definition
– Experiences
– Values and perceptions
– Low context or high context
• Intercultural Communication: A Strategic Approach

3. Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Total early-stage activity increased in many
economies
• Rose 25% among 16 developing economies
• China, Argentina, and Chile above-average
rates
* The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Report

4. Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Twenty mature economies experienced a
nearly 22% Total early-stage activity increase
• United States and Australia showed
substantial increases

5. Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Intent to start a business is highest in
emerging economies
• People are most likely to see opportunities
and believe in their ability to start a business
• They hold entrepreneurship in high regard

6. Trends in Entrepreneurship
• Expectations to start a business are also high
in some middle-stage developing economies:
China, Chile, and Brazil
• These measures tend to fall as countries rise
in economic development – Russia and the
United Arab Emirates have the lowest
entrepreneurial intention rates across the
sample

7. Profile of Entrepreneurs
• 163 million early-stage entrepreneurs are
women
• 165 million early-stage entrepreneurs are
young entrepreneurs (age 18 to 25)
• 69 million early-stage entrepreneurs are
offering innovative products and services
• 18 million early-stage entrepreneurs are
selling 25% internationally

8. Intercultural Communication Key competencies
Analytical
Emotional
Understanding beliefs,
values and practices of
other cultures
Intercultural empathy;
respect
Creative
Behavioral
Ability to see the synergistic Ability to discern different
potential of diverse
cultural messages (verbal
perspectives
and nonverbal)

9. What is culture? One definition
Values and perspectives shared by people who are
conditioned by similar education and life experience.

10. Key characteristics of culture
• Culture is not inherent, but learned.
• Culture is rooted in deep-seated beliefs.
• Culture is the basis for self-identity and
community.
• Culture is dynamic.

11. Culture can encompass a variety of
experiences
Culture
Region
Country
Area
Community
Business
Industry
Company
Department
Group
School
Club

12. Culture can differ on values and
perceptions
Values
 Individualism and collectivism
Perceptions
 Perceptions of
 High context and low context
– Space
 Criteria for/definitions
of success
– Time
 Nature of change
 Importance of hierarchies
– Gender roles
 Nature of
– Authority
– Humor

13. Culture may be classified as low or
high context
Low Context Cultures Tend To…
High Context Cultures Tend To…
Prefer direct verbal interaction
Prefer indirect verbal interaction
Understand meaning at one level
Understand meanings at many levels
Be less proficient in reading nonverbal cues
Be more proficient in reading
non-verbal cues
Value individualism
Value group membership
Say “no” directly
Talk around point; avoid saying “no”
Communicate in highly
structured messages
Rely more on context and feelings

14. Intercultural communication –
A strategic approach
Cultures Differ on Communication Practices
•
•
•
•
•
Emphasis on task or relationship-building
Role of written communication and meetings
Patterns of reasoning and argumentation
Level of formality in interpersonal communication
Style of oral presentations

15. Intercultural communication –
A strategic approach
Communication Behaviors
Observe
Nonverbal
Behaviors





Eye contact
Facial expressions
Gestures
Display of emotions
Space and spatial zones

16. Intercultural communication –
A strategic approach
Follow Culturally Responsive Strategies
Knowledge
of Other Culture
High
Allow/Induce
counterpart to
follow own
cultural script
Improvise
creatively
Use mediator
Embrace
counterpart’s
cultural script
Counterpart
Low
Low
You
High
Knowledge
of Other
Culture

17. Intercultural communication –
A strategic approach
• Avoid ethnocentrism
• Look beyond stereotypes
Approach
Communication
Openly
• Seek common ground
• Observe non-verbal cues
• Study your own and
other cultures