The document discusses surgical diseases of the parathyroid glands, including primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by an increased production of parathyroid hormone and can be due to a single adenoma, hyperplasia, or carcinoma. It often presents with hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and is typically treated with surgery to remove the affected gland(s). Secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by chronic kidney disease or other conditions and is treated by addressing the underlying disorder. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs after treatment of chronic kidney disease and may require surgery.
4. Primary Function is the ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM. Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate metabolism Parathyroid Hormone Vitamin D Calcitonin Gastrointestinal tract No direct effect Stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption No direct effect Skeleton Stimulates calcium and phosphate resorption Stimulates calcium and phosphate transport Inhibits calcium and phosphate resorption Kidneys Stimulates calcium resorption Inhibits phosphate resorption No direct effect Inhibits calcium and phosphate resorption
5. Feedback loops involved in the regulation of serum calcium and phosphorus (PTH – parathyroid hormone; CT-calcitonin)
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