1. Section 4 The Civil War and American Life

2. Divisions over the war Nation divided as well as divisions in the North & South Northerners: some did not support the war or want to restore the Union Southerners: some did not support a war to defend slavery or secession

3. Divisions in the South Georgia Only half supported secession North Carolina Held nearly 100 peace protests Supplied second most number of troops to Confederate army Regions w/ large plantations supported the more stronger than poor black country regions States’ Rights Created divisions Objections to officers from other states leading troops Objection to Confederate government forcing men to do military service

4. Division in the north Many opposed the Emancipation Proclamation Others believed South had a right to secede Northern Democrats Blamed Lincoln & Republicans of forcing the South into War Called Copperheads; strongest in Ohio, Indiana, & Illinois; criticized the war & called for peace

5. Dealing with disruptions People on both sides tried to disrupt the war Tried to encourage soldiers to desert Helped prisoners of war escape Southern peace groups worked against the Confederacy Tried to prevent men from volunteering for military service Habeas Corpus suspended Lincoln & Jefferson Davis suspended Habeas Corpus in some places (constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment) Empowered judges to determine if prisoners were being legally held 13,000 people in the North were arrested and jailed without trials

6. The Draft April 1862 South: men aged 18-35 & later to 50 were drafted into the army March 1863 North: U.S. Congress created a military draft Draft laws Incomplete & discriminatory Could hire a substitute to avoid service Could buy out by paying the government $300.00 Critics began calling the Civil War “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight” Southern governors helped their citizens evade the draft July 1863 Riots took place in New York City to show opposition to the draft

7. Bounty, or lump sum, of $1,500 was paid for a 3-year enlistment This led to the practice of bounty jumping A man would enlist, collect his bounty and then desert, only to reenlist somewhere else

8. The war and economic strains Northern Industries boomed during the war; turned out goods Union needed Draft did drain away workers August 1861 Congress levied 1st income tax in history Union printed $400 million of paper money Pay for expenses 1st federal paper money printed Led to inflation; prices of goods in raised 80% during the war in the North South Less able to sustain war Union blockade prevented ability to raise money Shortages made goods more expensive Led to greater inflation than in the North $18 shoes now cost $800 Food production fell as Union armies destroyed farmland & crops Led to riots for food, cloth, & shoes

9. Women in the civil war 400 women disguised as men fought in the war Became spies Took over businesses, farms, plantations for men who were fighting in the war Some women in the South worked the field to meet the needs of workers Work in factories Became teachers & nurses Barriers to women fell Elizabeth Blackwell became 1st female physician Dorothea Dix became head of Union army nurses Harriet Tubman continued to lead enslaved people to freedom Clara Barton cared for wounded soldiers on the battlefield