1. by Agnieszka Kaczkowska Thecbd of london

2. CBD’s of London London hasthree Central Business Districts: the City of London, the City of Westminster and theDocklands. Thispresentationisaboutthe City of London (alsocalledthe ‘square mile’), whichisthearealocatednorthfromtheriverThames, rightinthecentre of London.

3. The City of London:

4. Purposes of the CBD The CBD isthe ‘downtown’ of the city and hasthehighest land costs. Theareaismainlyused for business, services and entertainment purposes– it’sfull of shops, banks, offices, bars, restaurants, cinemas, etc.

5. The City of London atnight On thepicture we canseethefamous London Eyemade by the British Airways. It’s popular amongtouristsbecause of theamazingview of the city fromthe top of it.

6. Problemsof the CBD

7. 1. High land costs Problem: Due to thelack of space, theprices of the land arevery high and unaffordable for many peopleand companies. Solution: Tallbuildingswerebuilt to increasethespace for offices.

8. TheBishopsgateTower projectinthe City of London Thetoweriscurrently under construction and should be readybeforetheend of theyear 2012. It will not onlyprovidespace for offices, but alsolookquiteamazing and, hopefully, it will nicelycombinewiththearchitecture of Central London.

9. 2. Pollution Problems: Solutions: Air pollution, waterpollution, environmentalpollution – caused by dumping of trashintotheriver, the cars, peoplethrowingtrash on thestreets and sidewalks. More floralareas to maintaincleaner air, lawsprohibitingthedisposal of trashintotheriver, specialmachinescleaningthestreets and sidewalks.

10. Beep-beep!

11. Problem 3: TRAFFIC. Problems: Solutions: Thestreetswerebuiltbeforethe cars wereinvented. Theyarenarrow – narrowenough to not letthe cars movearoundcomfortably. Due to thelack of space, it’shard to find a place to park the car. Public transport (2-floor buses, the underground) was made to decreasethetraffic. Motorways and mainstreetsweremadewherepossible. Parking placeswithmultiplefloorswerebuilt.

13. 4. PopulationDecline Problems: Solutions: Theresidentpopulation of the CBD declinedfrom 200,000 inthe 1700’s to less than 10,000 today. (less people= less customers) The underground and railwaysfromthe City of London to other regions werebuilt to make iteasier and faster for people to get to thedowntown.

14. King’s Cross Railway Station, London Thetrainnetworkacross London allows many people to getfromone district to anotherfaster and moreeasily.

15. Conclusion The City of London hassolveditsproblemsprettywell by building many public transport networks, buildinghigh-rise business towers and forming morefloralareas. Great success! (‘’TheGherkin’’)

16. THaNKS FOR ATTENTION 