The document discusses playful learning, which occurs when learning feels intrinsically motivated and play-like to students. Playful learning is defined by three key elements: autonomy, mastery, and meaning. Autonomy involves giving students a sense of control over their learning. Mastery refers to optimizing the level of challenge to match students' skills. Meaning involves connecting learning to social contexts or purposes that are meaningful to students. The goal of playful learning is to make the learning process feel self-directed and engaging rather than externally controlled.