1. Chapter 31: From the
"Age of Limits" to the
Age of Reagan
By: Justinne Bentain and Ynnah Lagunda :)

2. After Watergate
• Ford granted Nixon
a "full, free, and
absolute pardon" to
spare the country
years of litigation
• Caused a decline in
Ford's popularity
• Recession in 1974
and 1975
- Energy crisis
- Arab Oil Embargo of 1973

3. 1976 Presidential Elections
Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Popular vote: 47.9% Popular vote: 50%
Electoral Vote: 240 Electoral vote: 297

4. The Trials of Jimmy Carter
• Campaigned for the
presidency as an
"outsider"
• Entered office during
a recession
• Mainly focused on
energy and economy
problems
• High interest rates
and energy prices

5. Continuing Energy Crisis
• 1979: Second major fuel
shortage in the Middle East
- OPEC announced another price increase
• Carter retreated to Camp
David for 10 days
• Delivered a television address
- "Malaise Speech"
• Complained of a "crisis of
confidence"

6. Camp David Accords
• Arranged a
peace treaty
between Egypt
& Israel
• Invited Sadat
and Begin to
Camp David in
September
1978 (2 weeks)
• Camp David
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat Accords was
and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin signed on
March 26, 1979

7. Carter's Achievements
• Turned over control of the Panama Canal to
the government of Panama
• Also tried to improve relations with China
and the Soviet Union
• SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
- arms control
- set limits on the number of long-range
missiles, bombers, and nuclear warheads for
the U.S. and Soviet Union

8. Iran Hostage Crisis
• The U.S. provided support to
the Shah of Iran
• Caused a powerful
revolutionary movement and
the Shah fled country in
January 1979
• The Shah had cancer and was
treated in New York
• Days later, American Embassy
in Teheran was invaded:
- seized diplomats and military
personnel
• 53 american hostages for
over a year

9. American Hostages

10. The Sun Belt
• Mainly California, Texas, & • Sagebrush Rebellion: centered
Florida on the use of federal lands in the
• Strong opposition to the growth western portions of the United
of government States
• Believed government was
imposing standards of behavior
• Westerners felt that they were
just caretakers for the federal
government
• Ranchers want grazing, miners
want access, conservation
people want
wilderness, campers want
roads, etc.
• Tension died down when
Reagan took office (Sagebrush

11. Religious Politics
• 1970s - America experienced a major religious revival
(since the Second Great Awakening)
• Pseudo faiths: Church of Scientology, Unification Church of Reverend
Sun Myung Moon, and People's Temple
• 70+ million "born-again" Christians
• Moral Majority Movement & the Christian Coalition
• Roe v. Wade legalized abortion

12. Jim Jones

13. The New Right
• A combination of Christian religious
leaders and conservative business
bigwigs
• Started in 164 when Senator Barry
Goldwater claimed that the New Deal
should be reversed
• Highly organized and better funded
than opponents
• Leadership under Ronald Reagan

14. The Tax Revolt
• Started with California
Proposition 13
- drastically limited
property tax
• Focused on the issue
of what taxes
supported
• Since the New Howard Jarvis
Deal, Republicans

15. The Campaign of 1980
• Jimmy Carter's
popularity was lowest
in history
Jimmy Carter
• Republican Party
Popular Vote: 41%
rallied behind Reagan
Electoral Votes: 49 - represented
American "strength" &
"pride"
Ronald Reagan
Popular vote: 51%
Electoral votes: • Republicans also won
489 control of the Senate
and House since 1952

16. The "Reagan Revolution"
• Ronald Reagan - January 1981
• moderate success in redefining public policy
• great success in American politics

17. The Reagan Coalition
• disillusionment
• small group of wealthy Americans and "neo-
conservatives"
• redistributive and antibusiness
• reaffirm democratic and anticommunist
values
• joined the New Right
• distrust in eastern establishment
• appeal to both sides

18. Reagan in the White House
• past occupations
• energetic
• attempted
assassination
• ignorance of own
policies
• fusing proposals
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3kpYiWdVWY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mN3z3eSVG7A
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001654/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqNDWEwP92o

19. Reaganomics
• high taxes --> inadequate capital --> no
growth
• lowering taxes --> lower government
revenue --> less government expenses
• proposals: $40 billion budget and 30% tax
reductions (decreased to 25%)
• Republican dominance
• deregulation leading up to economic revival
• 1982 recession, 11% unemployment
• Federal Reserve Board

20. Views on Reaganomics

21. The Fiscal Crisis
• federal budget deficits and national debt
• entitlement programs
• policies of Reagan administration
• cuts in "discretionary" domestic spending
aimed at the poorest
• balanced budget

22. Reagan and the World
• friendly governments
• relations with Soviet Union and Russians
were deteriorating
o "evil empire"
o Solidarity- independent labor organization
• Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
• nuclear freeze
• Reagan Doctrine
• 1983 terrorist bombing
• terrorism

24. Beruit, Lebanon

25. The Election of 1984
• Democrat: Walter
Mondale
• Reagan's campaign
phrases: "It's
Morning in America"
and "America is
Back"
• Reagan's decisive
victory: 59% of vote
• Democratic
advancement

26. Mondale vs. Reagan

27. The Fall of the Soviet Union
• Gorbachev
o glasnost: openness
o perestroika: reform
• Tiananmen Square:
June 3, 1989 in
Beijing, China
• South Africa -->
apartheid
• fall of communism
(1991)

28. Reagan and Gorbachev
• reform
• nuclear power
• intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF)

29. The Fading of the Reagan
Revolution
• personal popularity hid political scandals
• savings and loan crisis
• weapons to Iran
• Iran-Contra Scandal

30. The Election of 1988
Michael Dukakis George Bush
Democrat Republican

32. Michael Dukakis vs. George Bush
The Election of 1988

33. The Bush Presidency
• developments in
international affairs
• working with Gorbachev
= positive
• domestic issues =
negative
• 1990 budget package
• 1990 recession

34. The First Gulf War
• 1989-1991
• U.S. had 2 options:
o reduce military strength and concentrate on
domestic problems
o continue to use its power actively to defend its
regional and economic interests
• invasion of Panama (1989)
• invasion of Kuwait
• United Nations-sanctioned trade embargo
• February 28, cease-fire

35. Ross Perot
The Election of 1992 19% Independent
38%
43%
370 168
Bill Clinton George Bush
Democrat Republican

36. The Election of 1992
Clinton vs. Bush