2. “COMMUNICATION”
―There are broadly two types of definition
of communication. The first sees it as a
process by which A sends a message to B
upon whom it has an effect. The second
sees it as a negotiation and exchange of
meaning, in which messages, people-in-
cultures, and ‗reality‘ interact so as to
enable meaning to be produced.‖
--John Fiske, Key Concepts in
Communication and Cultural
Studies

3. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
Carey--- “two models of communication”

4. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
Carey--- “two models of communication”
transmission view

5. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
Carey--- “two models of communication”
transmission view
process of transmitting messages for
purpose of control or persuasion or effect

6. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

7. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
Carey--- “two models of communication”
transmission view
process of transmitting messages for
purpose of control or persuasion or effect
ritual view
process through which a shared meaning
is created, modified, or transformed

8. COMPARE
Transmission Ritual
Metaphor Transportation Production
Messages Meaning as "thing" pre- Meaning as constructed
existing
Alters Behavior Meaning
Focus Effects on individuals Influences on society
Purpose Control/persuasion/ Draw people together for
influence fellowship & commonality/
shared understanding
Main concern Accuracy or fidelity process
Types of Quantitative/experimen Qualitative/historical/
studies tal/ survey interpretive/ethnographic
Foundations Social Science; Anthropology; history;
psychology literary & interpretive
studies

9. ―This projection of community ideals and their
embodiment in material form—dance, plays,
architecture, news stories, strings of speech–
creates…a symbolic order which operates not
to provide information but confirmation, not to
alter attitudes or change minds but to represent
an underlying order of things, not to perform
functions but to manifest an ongoing and fragile
social process.‖
---James Carey, p. 6

10. ―... "most of popular culture constantly
reaffirms and reproduces the already taken-
for-granted meanings and values in
American Society…‖
--Lawrence Grossberg, p. 15

11. ―Communication is a symbolic process
whereby reality is
produced, maintained, repaired and
transformed.‖
--James Carey, p. 10

12. ―Reality is brought into existence, is
produced, by communication; that is, by the
construction, apprehension, and utilization of
symbolic forms.‖
--James Carey, p. 11

13. ―... "most of popular culture constantly
reaffirms and reproduces the already taken-
for-granted meanings and values in
American Society…‖
--Lawrence Grossberg, p. 15

14. "I take culture…and the analysis of it to be
therefore not an experimental science in
search of law but an interpretive one in
search of meaning."
--Clifford Geertz, cultural anthropologist