The document summarizes the early settlement of Virginia and Maryland in the Chesapeake Bay region between 1607-1660. It discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the Virginia Company, the difficult early years of starvation and disease. Tobacco eventually emerged as a cash crop, fueling plantation agriculture and demand for indentured servants and African slaves. Maryland was founded in 1634 as a haven for Catholics, though religious tensions remained. By 1660, the British had established several colonies along the Chesapeake and tobacco had become the dominant crop, transforming the economy but also the society and politics of the region.

1. The Settlement of the Chesapeake

2. Reasons for European Migrations to the Americas in the 17 c

3. Virginia

6. Jamestown Settlement, 1609

7. Chesapeake Bay Geographic/environmental problems??

8. Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

9. Jamestown Fort & Settlement (Computer Generated)

10. Jamestown Housing

11. Jamestown Settlement

12. Jamestown Chapel, 1611

14. Captain John Smith: The Right Man for the Job?? There was no talk…but dig gold , wash gold , refine gold , load gold …

15. Pocahontas A 1616 engraving Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith

16. English Migration: 1610-1660

18. Jamestown Colonization Pattern: 1620-1660

20. “ Widowarchy” High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth!

22. Powhatan Confederacy

23. Powhatan Indian Village

24. Indian Foods

26. Smith’s Portrayal of Native Americans

28. Powhatan Uprising of 1622

30. John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??

31. Tobacco Plant Virginia’s gold and silver . -- John Rolfe, 1612

32. Early Colonial Tobacco 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

33. Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710 Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?

34. Indentured Servitude Headright System Indentured Contract, 1746

36. Richard Frethorne, Letter to His Parents (1623) Loveing and kind father and mother my most humble duty remembered to you hopeing in God of your good health, as I my selfe am at the makeing hereof, this is to let you understand that I your Child am in a most heavie Case by reason of the nature of the Country is such that it Causeth much sicknes [including scurvy and "the bloody flux"] . . . and when wee are sicke there is nothing to comfort us; for since I came out of the ship, I never at anie thing but pease, and loblollie (that is water gruell)[.] as for deare or venison I never saw anie since I came into this land there is indeed some foule, but Wee are not allowed to goe, and get yt, but must Worke hard both earelie, and late for a messe of water gruell, and a mouthfull of bread, and beife[.] a mouthfull of bread for a pennie loafe must serve for 4 men which is most pitifull if you did knowe as much as I, when people crie out day, and night, Oh that they were in England without their lymbes and would not care to loose anie lymbe to bee in England againe, yea though they beg from doore to doore. . . . I have nothing at all, no not a shirt to my backe, but two Ragges nor no Clothes, but one poore suite, nor but one paire of shooes, but one paire of stockins, but one Capp, but two bands, my Cloke is stollen by one of my owne fellowes, and to his dying hower would not tell mee what he did with it [although some friends saw the "fellowe" buy butter and beef from a ship, probably purchased with Frethorne's cloak]. . . . but I am not halfe a quarter so strong as I was in England, and all is for want of victualls, for I doe protest unto you, that I have eaten more in a day at home than I have allowed me here for a Weeke. . . . O that you did see may daylie and hourelie sighes, grones, and teares, and thumpes that I afford mine owne brest, and rue and Curse the time of my birth with holy Job. I thought no head had beene able to hold so much water as hath and doth dailie flow from mine eyes.

38. Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?

39. Virginia House of Burgesses

43. 17 c Population in the Chesapeake WHY this large increase in black popul.??

44. The Atlantic Slave Trade

45. Goods Traded with Africa

46. The “Middle Passage”

51. Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676

53. Governor Berkeley’s “Fault Line”

55. Maryland

57. Colonization of Maryland

58. St Mary’s City (1634)

59. Currency in Early Maryland

62. MD Toleration Act, 1649

63. The Toleration Act of 1649 ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders... and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...."

64. British Colonial Settlements by 1660