2. Components of a Computer-
Based Information System
(CBIS)
Hardware
Programs (Software)
Data (Database)
People
Procedures
Networks
3. What is a computer?
an electronic device that has the
ability
to accept data, internally store and
automatically execute a program of
instructions, perform mathematical,
logical, and manipulative operations
on data, and report the results
4. Computer Components
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
arithmetic-logic unit
control unit
Primary Storage / Main Memory
Input Devices
Output Devices
Secondary Storage Devices
I/O Devices
6. Types of Storage
Primary Storage:
Internal temporary storage connected to
CPU and used to house data and
instructions for processing
Secondary storage:
External permanent location for storing
data and instructions when not needed
by CPU
Cache
. . .
7. Where do we put programs
and data to work on them ?
into primary storage from
input devices
secondary storage devices
communications devices
8. How do we refer to a
location in primary storage ?
by its address
15. How fast can we execute
instructions ?
Millions of instructions per second
MIPS
Millions of floating point operations
per second
MegaFLOPS (MFLOPS)
Logical inferences per second
LIPS
megahertz (MHz)
million cycles per second
16. How fast can we execute
instructions ?
gigahertz (GHz)
billion cycles per second
billions of instructions per second
BIPS
18. Unit Fraction of a Second
Time Units
millisecond one - thousandth
microsecond one - millionth
nanosecond one - billionth
picosecond one - trillionth
femtosecond one -
quadrillionth
19. Primary Storage
Random-Access Memory (RAM)
Working area for various activities
Temporary holding place for
data/programs
Contents retained only when computer is
on
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Location of startup procedures
Holding place for all permanent internal
instructions
Contents retained when computer is on
30. Secondary Storage
Punch Cards
Paper Tape
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Disk
Hard Disk
Diskette (“Floppy” Disk) / Zip Disk
Optical Disk
CD-ROM / CD-R / CD-RW
DVD-ROM / DVD-R / DVD-RW / DVD+RW
37. NOTES
On-Line versus Off-Line Devices
Peripheral versus Auxiliary
Devices
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
Source Data Automation / POS
Terminals
Data Capture versus Data Entry
Multimedia
43. Computer Categories
Number of Processors
Single Processor
pipeline processing
Multiprocessor
Power PC
parallel processing
massively parallel processing (MPP)
primary & support processors
Bus — a channel / path / "set of wires" for communications among the parts of a computer.
internal bus vs. external bus
Just a few years ago, Rodney Zaks quantified these terms
SSI - up to 10 transistors
MSI - up to 500
LSI - up to 20,000
VLSI - up to 100,000
SLSI - more than 100,000
these figures are no longer meaningful
At the Indiana ICIS meeting an IBM spokesperson said that IC technology costs $9.7 trillion an acre. But, we sell it in nanoacres.