1. Dave Martin Vincent Santiago Tuberculosis( aka. TB ) 7/5/2011 1 Health 100 Early / Eldridge

2. Chronic bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs, but can also affect kidneys, brain, and spine Spread by way of the respiratory route 90% of people who are infected with TB are infected with Latent TB Latent Tb - infecting bacteria in the body, but are inactive; no symptoms, not contagious, at risk of Active TB Active TB - a weakened immune system will trigger active bacteria, causing symptoms and contagious disease 7/5/2011 2 Health 100 Early / Eldridge What it is:

3. 10% of people with Latent TB develop active cases of the disease Active TB is most common in people with HIV, recent immigrants from countries where TB is widespread, and those who live in inner cities TB continues to be a major health problem worldwide. In 2008, the World Health Organization estimated that one-third of the global population was infected with TB bacteria 7/5/2011 3 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Who gets it:

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnF47GGAU8g&feature=related 7/5/2011 4 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Symptoms:

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6. The standard "short" course treatment for TB is isoniazid (an antibiotic that kills the bacteria that causes TB ), rifampicin (also known as rifampin in the United States), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for two months. Followed by isoniazid and rifampicin alone for another four months. The patient is considered cured at six months (although there is still a relapse rate of 2 to 3%) 7/5/2011 6 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Treatments:

7. For Latent TB, the standard treatment is six to nine months of Isoniazid alone If the organism is known to be fully sensitive, then treatment involves Ionized, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide for two months, followed by Isoniazid and rifampicin for four months. Ethambutol need not be used 7/5/2011 7 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Treatments:

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11. In the United States, the incidence of TB began to decline around 1900 because of improved living conditions TB cases have increased since 1985, most likely due to the increase in HIV infection Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) continues to kill millions of people yearly worldwide. In 1995, 3 million people died from TB More than 90% of TB cases occur in developing nations that have poor hygiene and health-care resources and high numbers of people infected with HIV 7/5/2011 11 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Demographics:

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13. 8.8 million new cases of TB developed 1.6 million people died of this disease in 2005 Each person with untreated active TB will infect on average 10-15 people each year A new infection occurs every second In 2009, the TB rate in the United States was 3.8 cases per 100,000 population, a slight decrease from the prior year California, Florida, New York, and Texas accounted for the majority of all new TB cases (50.3%) 7/5/2011 13 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Demographics:

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16. Wikipedia: Tuberculosis Treatment Wikipedia: Tuberculosis E Medicine Health Insel, Paul M., and Walton T. Roth. Core Consepts in Health. 11th ed. San Francisco: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2010. 324-25. Print. http://infectiousdiseases.about.com/od/respiratoryinfections/a/active_tb.htm 7/5/2011 16 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Bibliography

17. Pulmonary tuberculosis www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Tuberculosis - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms, Cause, Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment www.medicinenet.com/tuberculosis/article.htm CDC - Tuberculosis (TB) www.cdc.gov/tb/ Tuberculosis: MedlinePlus www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tuberculosis.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis - cite_note-Hershkovitz_2008-122 7/5/2011 17 Health 100 Early / Eldridge Bibliography