1. Cognitive Theory
Created by Marisa

2. Allan Paivio
 Proposed that presenting information in both
visual and verbal form enhances recall and
recognition (Shelly, Gunter, & Gunter, 2012).
 Dual Coding Theory: assumes that people
process information in two different ways;
processing of images and processing of
languages. (Shelly, et al., 2012).

3. Robert Gagne
 Came up with 5 categories of learning (Shelly, et
al., 2012).
1. Verbal Information: can state what has been heard
2. Intellectual Skills: can discriminate between facts
and follow directions
3. Cognitive Strategies: reads books
4. Motor Skills: can use a mouse
5. Attitudes: learners enjoy reading

4. Howard Gardner
 Theory of multiple Intelligences
 Gardner has identified 8 intelligences:
linguistic, logical, spatial, kinesthetic,
musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and
naturalist
 He believes that an individual is capable of
having all 8 intelligences, but some
intelligences will be more dominant than
others (Shelly, et al., 2012).

5. Benjamin Bloom
 Shelly (2012) says that Bloom defined the
cognitive domain as a students’ intellectual
level, in other words, what students know
and how they organize ideas and thoughts.
 From Bloom’s research, he concluded that
every child has the ability to learn.

6. Key Points of the Theory
 Shelly (2012) stated that, “According to the
cognitive theory, activities like thinking and
remembering seem like a behavior, thus
providing an avenue to use behavior analysis
to measure their effect on learning”(p.261).
 Atherton (2011) says cognitive theory is
interested in how people understand
material.
 Aptitude and capacity to learn

7. Classroom Implications
 Students need to stray away from lecturing
and get the students to actively participate.
Teachers should understand and incorporate
different learning styles.
 Each student has a different type of
intelligence. They should use their dominant
intelligence, while also working to improve
their non dominant intelligences.

8. What I think about the Theory
 As a teacher I will incorporate cognitive
learning into my lesson plans. I believe that
students gain from classroom participation. I
will find ways to incorporate different learning
styles to benefit every child. I strongly stress
this theory over behaviorism. Students are
NOT just “programmed animals” that merely
respond to environmental stimuli.

9. References
– Atherton J S (2011) Learning and
Teaching; Cognitive theories of learning [On-
line: UK] retrieved 12 November 2012 from
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/cog
nitive.htm
– Teachers Discovering Computers: Integrating
Technology in a Connected World (7th Ed.), Shelly,
Cashman, Gunter, and Gunter (2012).

10. Photo Resources
 http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons
1. Taken by Aban Nesta taken on December
21, 2006
2. Taken by Kerry Ball on August 15, 2008
3. Taken by Nikki Jane on July 17, 2008