3. An annual publication including calendars with
weather forecasts, astronomical information, tide tables,
and other related tabular information
A usually annual reference book composed of various
lists, tables, and often brief articles relating to a particular
field or many general fields.
4. Almanac
is an annual publication that includes
information such as weather forecasts,
farmers' planting date, tide tables, and
tabular information in a particular field or
fields often arranged according to
the calendar etc
5. Astronomical data and various statistics are also
found in almanacs, such as the times of the rising
and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of
full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of
courts, lists of all types, timelines, and more.
8. Almanac
was originally an Arabic word which mean al-manākh
meaning the “climate”.
In the modern sense too an almanac, or almanakh, is the
average weather forecast for a certain period of time that is
characterized by relatively stable weather conditions covering a
specific area.
9. • 1267
the earliest documenteduse of the word in any languageis
in Latin by Roger Bacon, where it meant a set of tables detailing
movements of heavenly bodies including the moon.
10. One etymology report says:
The ultimate source of the word is obscure.
Its first syllable, al-, and its general relevance to medieval
science and technology, strongly suggest an Arabic origin, but no
convincing candidate has been found.
Another report similarly says of Almanac: "First seen in Roger
Bacon. Apparently from Spanish Arabic, al-manakh, but this is
not an Arabic word.
The word remains a puzzle."
12. Babylonian astronomy
---- back to ancient babylonian astronomy the
origin of almanac can be traced, when tables of
planetary periods were produced in order to
predict lunar and planetary phenomena.
13. The precursor to the almanac was
the Greek astronomical and meteorological calendar,
the parapegma, an inscribed stone on which the days of
the month were indicated by movable pegs inserted into
bored holes.
14. Diogenes Laërtius
According to him Parapegma was the title of a
book by Democritus.
15. Ptolemy
the Alexandrian astronomer (2nd century) wrote a
treatise, Phaseis—"phases of fixed stars and collection of
weather-changes" is the translation of its full title—the core of
which is a parapegma, a list of dates of seasonally regular
weather changes, first appearances and last appearances
of stars or constellations at sunrise or sunset, and solar events
such as solstices, all organized according to the solar year. With
the astronomical computations were expected weather
phenomena, composed as a digest of observations made by
various authorities of the past. Parapegmata had been
composed for centuries. Similar treatises called Zij were later
composed in medieval Islamic astronomy.
16. Ptolemy
believed that astronomical phenomena caused the changes in
seasonal weather; his explanation of why there was not an exact
correlation of these events was that the physical influences of
other heavenly bodies also came into play. Hence for him, weather
prediction was a special division of astrology.
17. The modern almanac differs from Babylonian, Ptolemaic and Zij
tables in the sense that "the entries found in the almanacs give
directly the positions of the celestial bodies and need no further
computation", in contrast to the more common "auxiliary
astronomical tables" based on Ptolemy's Almagest
18. Almanac of Azarqueil
The earliest known modern almanac written in
1088 by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī(Latinized as
Arzachel) in Toledo, al-Andalus.
The work provided the true daily positions of the sun,
moon and planets for four years from 1088 to 1092, as
well as many other related tables.
19. Early almanacs therefore contained
general horoscopes, as well as the more concrete
information.
20. 1150
Solomon Jarchus created such an almanac
considered to be among the first modern
almanacs.
21. British Museum and in the
Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge
---Copies of 12th century almanacs are found
1327
Walter de Elvendene created an almanac.
22. John Somers of Oxford, in 1380
In 1386 Nicholas de Lynne, Oxford produced an
almanac.
1457
he first printed almanac was published at
Mainz, by Gutenberg (eight years before the famous
Bible).
23. Regio-Montanus produced an almanac in 1472
(Nuremberg, 1472), which was continued in print for
several centuries in many editions.
24. Sheapheard’s Kalendar,
translated from French (Richard Pynson)
became the first English printed almanac in
1497.
25. 16th century
yearly almanacs were being produced in English
by men such as Anthony Askham, Thomas
Buckminster, John Dade and Gabriel Frende.
17th century
English almanacs were bestsellers, second only to
the Bible; by the middle of the century, 400,000
almanacs were being produced annually
26. William Pierce
published the first American almanac entitled,
An Almanac for New England for the year 1639
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
27. A Poor Robin's Almanack
one of the first comic almanacs that
parodied these horoscopes in its 1664 issue,
saying "This month we may expect to hear of
the Death of some Man, Woman, or Child,
either in Kent or Christendom.
28. 1726-1775
The most important early American almanacs
was made by Nathaniel Ames of Dedham,
Massachusetts.
James Franklin
began publishing the Rhode-Island
Almanack beginning in 1728.
36. Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Almanac
United Kingdom
Astronomical Almanac
Old Moore's Almanack
Whitaker's Almanack
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Schott's Almanac
37. United States of America
Astronomical Almanac
The New York Times Almanac
Old Farmer's Almanac
TIME Almanac with Information Please
World Almanac and Book of Facts
Town & Country Farmer's Almanac
Poor Will's Almanack
38. The Farmer's Almanac
Leavitt's Farmers Almanack
Harris' Farmer's Almanac
The Writing Code Almanac
Country Accents Farmer's Almanac
A Sand County Almanac
The Almanac for FarmersGarden and
Farm Almanac
Blum's Farmer's and and City Folk
J. Gruber's Planter's Almanac
