this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
3. Objectives
To know…
Indiactions of occlusal radiography,
Basic principles of occlusal radiography,
Different types of occlusal radiography,
Methods of obtaining the different types of radiographs.
5. Introduction
• Synonym : Sandwich radiography.
• Used to examine large areas of upper and lower jaw.
• The palate and floor of the mouth may also be examined.
• Supplementary radiograph – in conjunction with periapical or
bitewing radiographs
Reference: Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 116
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
6. Film
•Special films are marketed
•Bigger than IOPA films
57mm
76mm
Reference: Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 116
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
17. Classification of occlusal views
1. Maxillary
• Cross sectional
• Topographic (anterior and posterior/lateral)
• Pediatric
2. Mandibular
• Cross sectional
• Topographic (anterior and posterior/lateral)
• Pediatric
Reference: Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 116
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
18. Basic Principles.
1. Film is placed with the white side facing the arch that is
being exposed.
2. Stabilization: when patient gently bites on the surface of
film.
3. Maxillary: position of head – Maxillary arch parallel to floor
and midsagital plane is perpendicular to floor.
4. Mandibular: position – patients head is reclined so that
occlusal plane is perpendicular to the floor.
Reference: Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 116
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
20. 1. Cross sectional view
Image field:
Hard Palate.
Zygomatic process of maxilla.
Nasolacrimal canals.
Teeth from second molar to
second molar.
Nasal septum.
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 121
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
21. Projection of central ray:
• vertical angulation of +65⁰
• Horizaontal angulation of 0⁰
• Ray directed to the bridge of the
nose just below the nasion
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 121
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 117
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Point of Entry
Rays enter the patients face
through the bridge of the nose.
22. 2. Topographic view - anterior
Image field:
Anterior maxilla.
Anterior floor of the nasal fossa
Teeth from canine to canine
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 120
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
23. Projection of central ray:
• Orient the central ray through the
tip of the nose.
• Vertical angulation of +45⁰
• Horizontal angulation of 0 ⁰
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 121
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 117
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Point of entry
The central ray enters the patients
face approximately through the tip
of nose.
24. 3. Topographic view - lateral
Image field:
Quadrant of the alveolar ridge of
the maxilla
Inferolateral aspect of antrum
Tuberosity
Teeth from lateral incisor to the
contralateral third molar
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
superimposes over the roots of
molar
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 122
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
25. Projection of central ray:
• Orient the central ray with
• Vertical angulation of +60⁰ to a
point 2cm below the lateral
canthus of the eye
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 122
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 117
Point of entry
The central ray enters at a point
approximately 2cm below the lateral
canthus of the eye.
27. 1. Cross sectional view
Image field:
Buccal cortical plate of the
mandible
Lingual cortical plate of the
mandible
Teeth from 37 – 47
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 124
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
28. Projection of central ray:
• At the midline through the floor of
the mouth.
• Approximately 3cm below the chin, at
90⁰ to the receptor
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 124
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 118
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Point of entry
Midline. Through the floor of the mouth
approximately 3cm below the chin
29. 2. Anterior view
Image field:
Anterior portion of the mandible
Dentition from canine to canine
Inferior cortical border of
mandible
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 123
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
30. Receptor Placement
• Seat the patient tilted – occlusal
plane is 45⁰ above horizontal
Projection of central ray:
• -10⁰ through point of chin, giving -
45⁰angulation to receptor.
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 123
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 118
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Point of entry
Midline – tip of the chin
45⁰
31. 3. Lateral view
Image field:
Buccal cortical plate of half of
mandible
Lingual cortical plate of half of
mandible
Lateral incisors to contralateral
3rd molar
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 122
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
32. Projection of central ray:
Perpendicular to center of receptor,
through a point beneath the chin, approx.
3cm posterior to point of chin and 3cm
lateral to midline.
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 125
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 118
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Point of entry
Beneath the chin, 3cm posterior to chin
and 3cm lateral to midline.
34. Bibliography
White and Pharoah – textbook of Oral Radiology – Principles
and Interpretation – 1st South Asia Edition.
Freny R Karjodkar – Essentials Of Oral and Maxillofacial
Radiology – 1st Edition
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
36. Multiple Choice Questions
1. what is the synonym for occlusal radiography ?
a) Interproximal radiography
b) Extraoral radiography
c) Sandwich radiography
d) panoramic radiography
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
37. Q2. What is the size (dimensions) of the film used for occlusal radiography ?
a) 50 X 72 mm
b) 57 X 78 mm
c) 52 X 74 mm
d) 57 X 76 mm
Q3. Which of the following is an indication for occlusal Radiography?
a) Fracture of mandible or maxilla
b) To evaluate extensions of tumors, cysts, malignancies
c) Pt.s with limited mouth opening
d) All of the above
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
38. Q4. What is the vertical angulation for maxillary cross sectional occlusal
radiography ?
a) +60⁰
b) +65⁰
c) -60⁰
d) -65⁰
Q5. How is the film stabilized in occlusal Radiography?
a) Using a holder
b) Operator holds it in position
c) Patient holds it by his/her hands
d) None of the above
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
39. Multiple Choice Questions
1. what is the synonym for occlusal radiography ?
a) Interproximal radiography
b) Extraoral radiography
c) Sandwich radiography
d) panoramic radiography
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
40. Q2. What is the size (dimensions) of the film used for occlusal radiography ?
a) 50 X 72 mm
b) 57 X 78 mm
c) 52 X 74 mm
d) 57 X 76 mm
Q3. Which of the following is an indication for occlusal Radiography?
a) Fracture of mandible or maxilla
b) To evaluate extensions of tumors, cysts, malignancies
c) Pt.s with limited mouth opening
d) All of the above
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
41. Q4. What is the vertical angulation for maxillary cross sectional occlusal
radiography ?
a) +60⁰
b) +65⁰
c) -60⁰
d) -65⁰
Q5. How is the film stabilized in occlusal Radiography?
a) Using a holder
b) Operator holds it in position
c) Patient holds it by his/her hands
d) None of the above
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
Notas del editor
And also in patient who cant open their mouth wider than few milimeters