In this presentation, you will be able to find details of Hawthorne Studies including the side effects of the study that you will not find anywhere else. A table has been presented which clarified the concept like nowhere else.
3. The Hawthorne Studies
Coined in 1950 by Henry A.
Landsberger when analyzing
earlier experiments from 1924–32
at the Hawthorne Works
First Phase:
Sequence of illumination tests
from 1924 to 1927
Second Phase:
Experiments beginning in 1927
focused on the relay assembly
department
Further Study:
Interview with the employees
Simultaneous Study:
Bank wiring test room
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
6. Illuminatin Studies
■ Set out to determine the effects of lighting on
worker efficiency
■ Accounts of the study revealed no significant
correlation between productivity and light levels
■ The results prompted researchers to investigate
other factors affecting worker output
8. Relay Assembly Room
Researchers were unsure if productivity increased in
this experiment because of
the introduction of rest periods
shorter working hours
wage incentives
the dynamics of a smaller group
or the special attention the women received
Introduction of Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger
- 1928
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
10. Bank Wiring Test Room
■ To identify the effect of wage incentives
■ The study of fourteen men
■ Conditions were unaltered – no change in productivity
occurred
■ An implicit understanding among the workers not to
exceed what they considered a fair quota
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
12. Interview Process
■ Employees didn’t respond well to scheduled questions
■ Employees were allowed to have free talks
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
13. Variables Discussed
■ Independent: Confounding:
Dependent:
Light
Illumination
Duration of
work days
Food Humidity Temperature
Ventilation Rest Brakes
Wages Supervision
Attention
Participant
Reactivity
Social
Norms
Participants
Expectations
Work Group
Performance
Feedback
Productivity Attendance Morale
14. Finding
■ Mental attitudes, proper supervision, informal social
relationships experienced in a group were key to
productivity and job satisfaction
■ Employees often did all sorts of non-logical things in
order to belong in the group
■ Employees believed in a sense of common purpose
and value of their work
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
15. ■ Informal organization constituted by the activities,
sentiments, interactions, norms, and personal and
professional connections of individuals and groups
that had developed over extended periods of time
makes organization stronger
■ The social system, which defined a worker’s relation
to her work and to her companions, was not the
product of rational engineering but of actual, deep-
rooted human associations and sentiments.
Finding
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
18. Contribution
■ Brought to light ideas concerning
■ Motivational influences
■ Job satisfaction
■ Resistance to change
■ Group norms
■ Worker participation
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939
19. ■ From the leadership point of view organizations that
do not pay
■ Sufficient attention to ‘people’ and ‘cultural’ are consistently
less successful than those that do
■ Sufficient attention to people and the deep sentiments and
relationships connecting them are consistently less
successful than those that do.
■ “The change which you and your associates are working to
effect will not be mechanical but humane.”
Conclusion
Source: : http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/hawthorne/
Source: Management and The Worker: 1939