Class 7,8 History

1. Tribal Communities
8
By
Akbar Ali – The Springs
and Habitat

2. Tribal Societies
• Features of tribal communities during medieval period
• We know very little information. Why ?
• They did not keep written records, preserved orally
• They did not let outsiders in to their areas of habitation
• They lived in remote areas such as dense forest, hills,
mountain & deserts

3. Occupation s
• Some of them engaged in agriculture
• Collecting honey
• Others led a nomadic lifestyle

4. Some tribal groups
• In our locality ?
• Cholanaykar, Kurichyar …etc…
• In North-West India – Baluchi
• Punjab – Khokhars, Ghakkars
• Western part - Bhils & Kolis
• Central India- Gonds
• East – Mundas, Cheros,Santhals,Khasis,Nagas,Ahoms,
• South – Todas,Koragas, Maravars, Bagdagas, & Vetars

5. Life of the nomadic tribal group
• Most of the tribal groups were nomads
• Moved with their animals
• Exchanged milk, honey, wool, ghee …
• They also sold animals

6. Changing nature of tribal society
• With time, they were exposed to new
cultures
• Many of them settled life adopted better
methods of agriculture
• The Mughals tried to extract taxes
• Powerful tribal groups- Gonds & Ahoms

7. Gonds
• One of the powerful tribal communities in central India
(Madhyapradesh )
• The name ‘Gond’ comes from Telungu word ‘Konda’
which means a hill.
• They orgaised during mughal times – Garh Katanga was
most powerful kingdom.
• In 1565 Mughal attacked this kingdom
• Rani Durgavati was most towering personality of this
kingdom

8. Administration
• Kingdoms were divided into garhs
• Each ghrhs divided into chaurasis -84 Villages
• Chaurasi was further divided into Barhots –
Consist 12 villages

9. Economy
• Gond kingdoms were rich
• Agriculture – Jhoom cultivation
• Decline
• Marathas defeated them
• The English also took over Gondwana in 19th
C.

10. Ahoms
• Other most powerful tribal community
• Assam – Ahom (Word derive)
• Homeland – china
• First Ahom king was Sukapha – 1228-1268
• Gragaon was the Capital of Ahom
• Aurangazeb managed to capture, but failed.

11. Administration
• Rudra Singh –powerful ruler
• Economy - Agriculture – Food crops

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