Presented virtually by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, BT Technology on 06 Aug 2020.
Andy provides an update and review of the transformational plans, capabilities and outcomes from 5G deployments in the UK. 5G networks are already enabling a step change in the range and capability of innovative applications from IoT to robotics. That pace of change is due to accelerate as 5G moves from its initial enhanced mobile broadband phase to deliver ultra-reliable and low latency communications along with massive machine type connectivity.
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
1. 5G Demystified; the what,
when and where
1
Professor Andy Sutton
Principal Network Architect
BT Technology
August 2020
2. Contents
• 5G services and performance requirements
• Spectrum
• EN-DC mode of operation - NSA
• 5G network architecture with NGC - SA
• Mobile backhaul (transmission) & edge cloud
• 5G rollout to date
• Further information
• Summary
2
Photo source: Derico Watson
4. 5G services and use cases
4
Source: http://www.5gamericas.org/files/3215/1190/8811/5G_Services_and_Use_Cases.pdf
5. ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements - selected parameters
The minimum requirements for eMBB peak data rate
are as follows:
– Downlink peak data rate is 20Gbps
– Uplink peak data rate is 10Gbps
The minimum requirements for eMBB peak spectral
efficiencies are as follows:
– Downlink peak spectral efficiency is 30 bit/s/Hz
– Uplink peak spectral efficiency is 15 bit/s/Hz
The target values for the user experienced data rate
are as follows in the Dense Urban - eMBB test
environment:
– Downlink user experienced data rate is 100Mbps
– Uplink user experienced data rate is 50Mbps
The minimum requirements for 1-way user plane
latency over the radio interface are:
– 4 ms for eMBB
– 1 ms for URLLC (3GPP target = 0.5ms)
The minimum requirement for control plane latency is
20ms (Proponents are encouraged to consider lower
control plane latency, e.g. 10ms) 3GPP target = 10ms)
The minimum requirement for mMTC connection
density is 1,000,000 devices per km2
5
6. Ofcom and RSPG has identified three pioneer bands for 5G in Europe
700 MHz band - to provide a coverage layer
2 x 30 MHz + 20 MHz centre gap - SDL - January 2021
3.4 - 3.8 GHz band - to provide a large amount of contiguous spectrum for high-data rate and low-latency
services and a capacity solution in congested areas
150 MHz in the 3.4 - 3.6 GHz band in 2018 (auction complete)
120 MHz in 3.6 - 3.8 GHz band to be auctioned in January 2021
26 GHz band - to provide “fibre-like” data rates and very low latencies at short distance, as a capacity solution in
very congested hotspots
24.25 - 27.5 GHz - date tbd - lower 2.25 GHz is currently available for low-power in-building solutions
[Note: Existing bands will be refarmed (repurposed from 2G, 3G & 4G) and more new bands are likely in the future…]
6
8. Antenna system evolution towards massive-MIMO (active antennas)
8
• Current FDD LTE is typically 2T2R (2x2) or 4T4R (4x4), 5G TDD will typically utilise 8T8R (8x8) and 64T64R (64x64)
• 16T16R and 32T32R systems are now available, offering greater granularity - along with hybrid (active/passive) antennas
9. 5G trial site with 64T64R M-MIMO AAU and 8T8R passive antenna with RU
9
11. EN-DC network architecture supporting VoLTE
Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA)
11
gNB
UGW MME pool UGW+
S1-u S1-c
LTE-u
LTE-c
eNB
Legacy
or R15
UE
12. EN-DC network architecture supporting user data session
Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA)
12
UGW MME pool UGW+
S1-uS1-c
NR-uLTE-u
LTE-c
X2-u
X2-c
eNB gNB
R15
UE
13. EN-DC network architecture supporting user data session
Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA)
13
UGW MME pool UGW+
S1-uS1-c
NR-uLTE-u
LTE-c
X2-u
X2-c
eNB
Dual Connectivity between
1 x NR carrier and a maximum
of 5 x LTE carriers
gNB
R15
UE
14. 3GPP 5G network architecture
Standalone Architecture (SA)
UE RAN UPF DN
AMF SMF PCF
UDM
AF
AUSF
N1
N7
N6
N5
N4
N3
N2
N8
N9 - between UPFs
N14 - between AMFs
N10
N11
N12
N13
N15
NR air i/f
Note: Focus on mobile however Access Network (AN) could be fixed
NSSF
N22
15. 3GPP 5G Service Based Architecture
Standalone Architecture (SA)
UE RAN UPF DN
AMF SMF
PCF UDM AF
N1
N6
N4
N3
N2
NR air i/f
NEF NRF
Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf
Nausf Namf Nsmf
AUSF
NSSF
Nnssf
NG-CP
Further reading:
https://www.academia.edu/36284890/5G_Network_Architecture (2017)
NGC during 2022 at geographically distributed
locations to enable lower latency services
16. 5G within a multi-RAT network deployment
Mobile backhaul (transmission)
16
3G
4G1
5G
CSG NTU NTU
21C
PE
21C
PE
Mobile
core
networks2
21C IP/MPLS network
(P routers not illustrated)
Openreach Point to point
DWDM solution (OSA-FC)
n x λ
(can bypass
CSG & NTU)
1 - 2G is supported on the same base station as 4G (SRAN/Multi-RAT)
2 - Includes BSC for 2G, RNC for 3G and IP Sec GW for 2G, 4G and 5G
Resilient PRTC
sync source
E-Band
D
W
D
M
D
W
D
M
Passive optical
filters
E-band millimetre
wave radio system
18. Frequency and phase synchronisation
18
3G
4G1
5G
CSG NTU NTU
21C
PE
21C
PE
Mobile
core
networks2
21C IP/MPLS network
(P routers not illustrated)
Openreach Point to point
DWDM solution (OSA-FC)
n x λ
(can bypass
CSG & NTU)
1 - 2G is supported on the same base station as 4G (SRAN/Multi-RAT)
2 - Includes BSC for 2G, RNC for 3G and IP Sec GW for 2G, 4G and 5G
Resilient PRTC
sync source
E-Band
D
W
D
M
D
W
D
M
Passive optical
filters
E-band millimetre
wave radio system
19. The introduction of E-band radio systems
71 - 76 GHz paired with 81 - 86 GHz
• Target architecture is a single E-band radio hop between a hub site and sub-
tended site (child site)
• Radio link to be planned to 99.99% atmospheric availability @ ref mod scheme
• Link can provide 6Gbps at up to 1.5km with 500 MHz channels and 256 QAM in
2+0 CCDP - XPIC configuration
• E-band radio will take power from indoor mounted DC power source
• Traffic feeds to/from all outdoor E-band radio units will be via cell site gateway
19
E-band Frequency plan - source: Ofcom
20. 5G edge cloud - lowering latency through distributed service platforms
20
3G
4G1
5G
CSG NTU NTU
21C
PE
21C
PE
Mobile
core
networks2
21C IP/MPLS network
(P routers not illustrated)
Openreach Point to point
DWDM solution (OSA-FC)
n x λ
(can bypass
CSG & NTU)
Resilient PRTC
sync source
E-Band
D
W
D
M
D
W
D
M
Passive optical
filters
E-band millimetre
wave radio system
1 - 2G is supported on the same base station as 4G (SRAN/Multi-RAT)
2 - Includes BSC for 2G, RNC for 3G and IP Sec GW for 2G, 4G and 5G
3 - Enables RAN functional decomposition, distributed UPF and service platforms
5G Edge Cloud3
24. Summary
• 5G supports enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra Reliable and
Low latency Communications (URLLC) along with massive Machine Type
Communications (mMTC)
• 5G opens up new and exciting opportunities for industry verticals, including
private/non-public networks - it’s a lot more than just faster Internet to
smartphones…
• 5G will be deployed across a wide range of frequency bands to address a
range of use cases and deployment scenarios
• 5G will operate in fully licensed, license shared access and unlicensed
spectrum
• Next Generation Core network will enable new services such as network
slicing, low latency services and private/non-public network
24