1. Nicephore Niepce, View from his Window at La Gras, c1827, heliograph
Gernsheim Collection, Humanities Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
EARLY-PHOTOGRAPHY

2. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre,Still Life in Studio, c1837, daguerreotype
Eastman House, Rochester, New York

3. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre,View of the Boulevard du Temple, Paris, c1838, daguerreotype
Bayerische National Museum, Munich

4. Nadar
Sarah Bernhardt, 1859

6. William Bouguereau, Nymphs and Satyr, oil on
canvas, 1873, Sterling and Francine Clark
Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pygmalion and Galatea, c1890, oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
French Academic Painting

7. REALISM
• A movement in French art that sought to
convey a truthful and objective vision of
contemporary life. Realism emerged in the
aftermath of the Revolution of 1948 that
overturned the monarchy of Louis-Philippe
and developed during the period of the 2nd
Empire under Napoleon III.
• The Realists democratized art by depicting
modern subjects drawn from everyday lives
of the working class.

8. Gustave Courbet, Self-Portrait, Man with a Pipe, c1846-7
The Avant-Garde
Challenged the primacy of
history painting…favored by
the Salons.

9. Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers, 1849, oil on canvas
Formerly in Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (destroyed in World War II)
Realism

10. Gustave Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50, oil on canvas, 10’ x 22‘.
Musée d’Orsay, Paris
Rejected by the jury of the 1855 Exposition Universelle in Paris
Asserts his goal ‘to translate the customs, the ideas, the appearance of
my epoch according to my own estimation.’
Realism

11. Gustave Courbet, The Source of the Loue River,
1863
A major tourist attraction in Courbet’s time…area
folk lore told of a Green Lady, a beautiful

12. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, The
Source, 1820, oil on canvas
Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Gustave Courbet,The Source of the Loue, 1863, oil on canvas
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
Realism
Academic
(Neo-Classical)

13. Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), The Artist's Studio, a real allegory
summing up seven years of my artistic and moral life, 1854 and
1855

14. JEAN-FRANCOIS MILLET
• one of the founders of the Barbizon school
in rural France. Millet is noted for his
scenes of peasant farmers; he can be
categorized as part of the movements of
Realism and Naturalism.

15. Jean-Francois Millet,The Gleaners, 1857
Salon scandal…honest depiction of rural
poverty

16. Like Courbet’s Stonebreakers, Millet’s
choice of subject was considered
politically subversive…even though his
style reflected his academic training…
recalling the art of Michelangelo and
Poussin

17. Jean-Francois Millet, Angelus, 1857-59

18. DAUMIER

19. Honore Daumier,Rue Transonian, 1834, lithograph
Philadelphia Museum of Art

20. Honore Daumier,Nadar Rasising Photograph to the Height of Art, 1862, lithograph
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

21. Daumier, First Class Carriage, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

22. Honore Daumier,The Third-Class Carriage, 1862
MMA

23. ier, Third Class Carriage, watercolor, Baltimore Mu

24. John Everett Millais,Ophelia, 1852, oil on canvas
Tate Gallery, Lonson
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

25. John Everett Millais,
John Ruskin
1853-54
oil on canvas
Private Collection
The Critic

26. Thomas Eakins
The Gross Clinic
1875
oil on canvas
Jefferson Medical
College of Thomas
Jefferson
University,
“REALISM” IN AMERICA

27. Winslow Homer,The Veteran in a New Field, 1865, oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art

28. Édouard Manet

29. Spanish Singer, 1863
Manet's painting reflects the
vogue in Paris for the art and
culture of Spain during the
Second Empire, as well as the
artist's own preoccupation with
Spanish themes in the 1860s. The
Spanish Singer won Manet his
first critical and popular success
in his debut at the Salon of 1861.

30. Édouard Manet, Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe
(The Luncheon on the Grass), 1863
“PROTO-IMPRESSIONISM”…Salon des Refusés

31. Giorgione (and Titian), Pastoral Concert (Fête
champêtre)
HIGH RENAISSANCE (Venetian)

32. Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas, Musée d’Orsay, Paris
“PROTO-IMPRESSIONISM”

33. Titian
Venus of Urbino
1538
oil on canvas
4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.

34. Titian, The Venus of Urbino,
1538, oil on canvas
Galleria degli Uffizi,
Florence
Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863,
oil on canvas
Musée d’Orsay, Paris
Venetian Renaissance

37. Cabanel, The Birth of Venus, 1863, oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas
Musée d’Orsay, Paris
AVANT-GARDE ACADEMIC
(Prix de Rome)
PARIS SALON 1865
Olympia…most shocking work in the 1865 Salon…the goddess
acceptable…contemporary prostitute was not.

38. Portrait of Zola 1868
1867, Zola proclaimed
“The future is his…”and
predicted that one day
Luncheon on the Grass
will enter the collection of
the Louvre (now Musee
d’Orsay since 1934)

39. Édouard Manet, A Bar at te Folies-Bergere, 1881-82,
is a modern version of Velazquez's Las Meninas (1656-7),
the most profound meditation on the portrait.

40. Velazquez's Las Meninas (1656-7
Manet worshipped Velazquez, and transferred this aesthetic of
reflection to modern times

41. Edgar Degas
Impressionist…core member…sought to
capture fleeting moments of modern life…
scenes illuminated by artificial light…
adhering to his Academic training.

42. Degas, The Collector of Prints, 1866
Havemeyer Collection MMA
The depiction of individuals,
interrupted at tasks amid
settings that reveal clues
about their character, was
developed by Degas in
numerous figure paintings of
the 1860s and early 1870s.

43. Kitigawa Utamaro, Reflective Love, from the series
Anthology of Poems: The Love Section, c.1793-94
woodblock

44. Degas, Study for A Woman
Seated beside a Vase of
Flowers, 1865 Fogg Art
Gallery
Degas took longer to digest
the significance of the new
art. It is not until mid-decade
that signs of such influence
became apparent.
Both pose and demeanor are
uncannily anticipated by
Utamaro in a print that was
demonstrably present in a
collection known to Degas.

45. Edgar Degas - A Woman Seated beside a Vase of Flowers 1865

46. Degas, Woman Ironing, 1873
Havemeyer Collection MMA
Much as Degas was
fascinated by the movements
of dancers, he was also
intrigued by the repetitive,
specialized gestures made by
laundresses as they worked.
This painting, the first of
three versions of the
composition, is distinguished
by its dramatic chiaroscuro,
with the woman silhouetted
against a luminous white
backdrop. The artist lent it to
the 1876 Impressionist
exhibition, receiving praise
for his "rapidly done
silhouettes of laundresses."

47. Degas, Woman Ironing, c.1882, o/c, Reading
Museum

48. Degas was likely aware of Utamaro’s prints…also
aware of the potential erotic charge…similar
taboos existed for 19th
European women…popular
entertainers, ironers and washerwomen often
stripped down to their chemises…thus
laundresses were associated with easy morals.

49. Edgar Degas, Yellow Dancers (In the Wings), 1874/76
Oil on canvas 2nd
Impressionist Exhibition

50. gas, Dancers Practicing at the Barre, 1877, Havemeyer collection MMA

51. Edgar Degas
Ballet Rehearsal
1874
oil on canvas
1 ft. 11 in. x 2 ft. 9 in.

52. Edgar Degas
Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer
1879-81
bronze, paint, tulle, satin, wood

53. Edgar Degas
The Tub
1886
pastel
1 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 8 3/8 in.
Bird’s-eye view and cut-off edges suggest
photographic fragment and abstract
arrangement of Japanese prints.
This is not the erotic object of desire of
academic paintings.

54. Edgar Degas,
Mary Cassatt at the Louvre:
The Paintings Gallery,
1885, pastel over
softground etching,
drypoint, aquatint, and

55. Edgar Degas, Place de la Concorde, Oil on canvas, 1875
IMPRESSIONISM

56. Edgar Degas
L’absinthe
1876
oil on canvas
36 1/4 x 26 3/4 in.

57. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892-95, oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago
Paris Night Life
‘Fin de siècle' and 'La Belle Époque'

58. IMPRESSIONISM
• Unjured…independent from the Salon

59. Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas
Musée Marmottan, Paris

60. anet, Boating, 1874
ew Cerulean bule and synthetic ultramarine
adically cropped..Japanese-inspired compositon
odernity…form…subject matter…material

61. Renior, Luncheon of the Boating Party (1880–81)
The painting also reflects the changing character of French society in the
mid- to late 19th century. The restaurant welcomed customers of many
classes, including businessmen, society women, artists, actresses, writers,
critics, seamstresses, and shop girls. This diverse group embodied a new,
modern Parisian society.

62. Mary Cassatt, The Boating Party, 1893/04

63. Claude Monet, Terrace at Sainte-Adresse, 1867
Monet emphasized the modernization of the landscape by
including railways and factories, signs of encroaching
industrialization…inappropriate to the Barbizon

64. Claude Monet, Saint-Lazare Train Station, 1877, oil on canvas. Musee d’Orsay, Paris
IMPRESSIONISM

65. Claude Monet, Cathedral Rouen, 1894, oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral,
Harmony in Blue, 1894,oil on canvas
IMPRESSIONISM
COLOR THEORY: Optical Color vs. Local Color

66. Claude Monet, Cathedral Rouen (in Dull
Weather), 1894, oil on canvas
Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral at Dawn, 1894, oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
COLOR THEORY: Optical Color vs. Local Color

67. 29-29 Claude Monet, Cathedral Rouen, 1894, oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Rouen Cathedral
COLOR THEORY: Optical Color vs. Local Color

69. Camille Pissaro, Place du Theatre Francais, oil on
canvas, 1898
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre,View of the
Boulevard du Temple, Paris, c1838, daguerreotype
Bayerische National Museum, Munich
Napoleon II and his perfect Baron Haussmann laid the
plans for the new Paris…more open sapce, cleaner and
safer.

70. Camille Pissaro, Place du Theatre Francais, oil on
canvas, 1898
Camille Pissaro, Place du Theatre Francais, oil
on canvas, 1898
IMPRESSIONISM

71. Gustave Caillebotte, Paris: A Rainy Day, 1877, oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago
IMPRESSIONISM

72. Mary Cassatt
The Bath
c1892
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago
IMPRESSIONISM

73. Mary Cassatt, The Bath, c1892, oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago
Suzuki Harunobu, Evening Bell, from Eight Views of the
Parlor series, c1765, woodblock print, Art Institute of Chicago
IMPRESSIONISMJAPONISME (Edo Period)
*japonisme" was coined in 1872 by Philippe Burty, a French art critic

74. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, La Goulue at the Moulin
Rouge, 1891, lithograph
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Jane Avril, 1893,
lithograph
Paris Night Life
‘Fin de siècle' and 'La Belle Époque'

75. James Abbott McNeill
Whistler
Nocturne in Black and gold
1875
oil on panel
Detroit Institute of Arts
"Art for art's sake"
''l'art pour l'art''

76. James Abbott McNeill Whistler,Arrangement in Grey and Black: Portrait of the Painter's Mother,
1871; Oil on canvas, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

77. James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Nocturrne: Blue and
Gold--Old Battersea Bridge,
1872-75; Oil on canvas, Tate Gallery, London

78. Georges Seurat, A Sunday on the La Grande Jatte, 1884-1886, oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago
NEO-IMPRESSIONISM

79. Georges Seurat, A Sunday on the La Grande Jatte (details), 1884-1886, oil on canvas
COLORY THEORY: Simultaneous Contrast

80. Paul Cézanne
Self-Portrait
c1872
oil on canvas
Musée d’Orsay, Paris

81. Paul Cézanne, A Basket of Apples, c1895, oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

82. Paul Cézanne, Apples, oil on canvas, c1877-1878
Provost and Fellows of Kings College, Cambridge

83. Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibémus, oil on canvas, c1897
The Baltimore Museum of Art

84. Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire and the Château Noir, oil on canvas, 1904-1906
The Bridgestone Museum of Art, Tokyo

85. Paul Cézanne, Mont St-Victoire, 1902-4, oil on canvas
Philadelphia Museum of Art

86. Paul Cézanne, The Great Bathers, 1898-1906, oil on canvas
Philadelphia Museum of Art

87. Vincent van Gogh
Self-Portrait
1888
oil on canvas
Fogg Art Museum
Harvard University

88. Vincent van Gogh,The Potato Eaters, 1885, oil on canvas
Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

89. Vincent van Gogh, Japonaiserie: Bridge in the
Rain (after Hiroshige), 1887, oil on canvas
Utagawa Hiroshige, Sudden Shower Over Shinohashi Bridge
and Atake,19th
century, woodblock print
Brooklyn Museum of Art

90. Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art, New York
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

91. Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night (detail), 1889, oil on canvas

92. Vincent Van Gogh, The Night Café, 1888, oil on canvas. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

93. Paul Gauguin, The Night Café at Arles, 1888, oil on canvas
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

94. Paul Gauguin, The Vision after the Sermon, or Jacob
Wrestling with the Angel, 1888, oil on canvas
National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
Paul Gauguin,The Yellow Christ, 1889,
oil on canvas, Albright-Knox Art
Gallery, Buffalo, New York
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

95. Paul Gauguin, Mana’o tupapa’u (The Spirit of the Dead Watches over Her), 1892, oil on canvas.
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

96. Paul Gauguin
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going
1897
54 3/4 x 147 1/2 in.
oil on canvas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
POST-IMPRESSIONISM

97. Edvard Munch
The Cry (or The Scream)
1893
oil, pastel, and casein on cardboard
Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway
SYMBOLISM

98. Edvard Munch, Anxiety,
1894, oil on canvas
Munch Museum, Oslo,
Norway
SYMBOLISM

99. Henri Matisse, The Joy of Life, 1905-6, oil on canvas. Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania
FAUVISM

100. André Derain, The Turning Road at L'Estaque, 1906, oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
FAUVISM

101. Henri Matisse, The Green Stripe (Portrait of Mme Matisse), 1906,
oil on canvas, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenahagen
Henri Matisse, Woman with the Hat, 1905, oil on canvas,
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
FAUVISM

102. Henri Matisse, Red Room (Harmony in Red), 1908-9, oil on canvas
State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersberg
FAUVISM

103. Henri Matisse, The Red Studio, 1911, oil on canvas

104. Henri Matisse, The Dance I, 1909, 8' 6 1/2" x 12' 9 1/2" (259.7 x 390.1 cm) oil on canvas
8' 6 1/2" x 12' 9 1/2" (259.7 x 390.1 cm). Museum of Modern Art

106. Henri Matisse, The Piano Lesson, 1916, oil on canvas, Museum of Modern Art

107. Seated Bamana Female Figure
Bamana people, Mali
wood with mineral pigments,
organic encrustation
Henri Matisse, Decorative Figure in an
Oriental Setting, 1925, oil on canvas,
Museum of Modern Art

108. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Dresden, 1908, oil on canvas
Museum of Modern Art, New York
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: Die Brücke (The Bridge)

109. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Berlin, 1913, oil on canvas
Brücke Museum, Berlin
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Self-Portrait with Model,
1910/26, oil on canvas, Kunsthalle, Hamburg

110. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Bathers at Moritzburg , 1909-26, oil on canvas
Tate Gallery, London

111. Vassily Kandinsky, Cover for The Blue
Rider Almanac, 1912, woodcut
Vassily Kandinsky, Blue Mountain, No. 84, 1908, oil on canvas
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Solomon R. Guggenheim MuseumSolomon R. Guggenheim Museum
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider Group)

112. Vassily Kandinsky, Autumn in Bavaria, 1908, oil on canvas Vassily Kandinsky, Bavarian Mountains with Villiage, 1909,
oil on canvas
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider Group)

113. Vassily Kandinsky, Painting with Houses, 1909, oil on canvas Vassily Kandinsky, Study for Improvisation 2, 1909, oil on canvas
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider Group)

114. Vassily Kandinsky, Composition No. 2, 1910, oil on canvas
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

115. Vassily Kandinsky, Composition IV, 1911, oil on canvas
Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf

116. Vassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28, 1912, oil painting. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: Non-Representational Painting

117. Vassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 30, 1913, oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago

118. Franz Marc, Fate of the Animals, 1913, oil on canvas
Kunstmuseum, Basel
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM: Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider Group)

119. Pablo Picasso
Self-Portrait
1896
Oil on canvas
Museo Picasso,
Barcelona, Spain.

120. Pablo Picasso
Self-Portrait 1901
Oil on canvas
BLUE PERIOD

121. Pablo Picasso, Old Guitar Player, 1902, oil on panel
Pablo Picasso, Absinthe Drinker, 1902, oil on panel
Kunstmuseum, Bern
BLUE PERIOD

122. Pablo Picasso, Family of Saltimbanques, 1905, oil on canvas
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Pablo Picasso, Family of Acrobats with
Monkey, 1905, oil on canvas
ROSE PERIOD
(MAUVE PERIOD)

124. Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein, 1906-7, oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

125. Pablo Picasso
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
1907
oil painting
Museum of Modern Art, New
York
PROTO-CUBISM

126. Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Study, 1907,
drawing pencil and pastel, Kupferstichkabinett, Basel
PabloPicasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907,
oil on canvas, Museum of Modern Art, New York

127. Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907, oil painting
Museum of Modern Art, New York
Lumba African Mask, 19th
century

128. Pablo Picasso, Dryad, 1908, oil on canvas
The Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
Georges Braque, The Bather, 1907, oil on canvas
Collection Alex Maguy, Paris

129. Georges Braque, Houses on the Hill, Horta de Ebro, 1909, oil on canvas
Museum of Modern Art, New York
Pablo Picasso, Houses at L’Estaque, 1908, oil on
canvas, Kunstmuseum, Bern
ANALYTICAL CUBISM

130. Georges Braque, Still Life with Violin and Palette, 1909-10, oil
on canvas, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Ambroise Vollard, 1910, oil on
canvas, Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
ANALYTICAL CUBISM

131. Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911, oil on canvas
Kunstmuseum, Basel
Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Kahnweiler, 1910, oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago
ANALYTICAL CUBISM

132. Pablo Picasso, Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912, oil on canvas
Musée Picasso, Paris

133. Pablo Picasso, Nature Mort ‘Au Bon Marché,’ 1913, oil and pasted paper on cardboard
Ludwig Collection, Aachen, Germany

134. Georges Braque, Bottle Newspaper, Pipe and Glass, 1913, charcoal and various papers pasted on paper
Private collection, NY

135. Pablo Picasso, Glass of Absinthe, 1914, painted bronze with
silver sugar strainer, Museum of Modern Art, New York
Pablo Picasso, Maquette for Guitar, 1912, cardboard, string,
and wire, Museum of Modern Art, New York

136. Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921, oil on canvas, Museum of Modern Art, New York
SYNTHETIC CUBISM

137. Robert Delaunay
Champs de Mars or The Red
Tower
1911
oil on canvas
Art Institute of Chicago
ORPHISM