Robin Izzo, Associate Director of Environmental Health and Safety at Princeton University, details their journey designing new laboratory ventilation systems that are functional, sustainable, flexible, and energy efficient. The process involved many stakeholders and took several years, including prototyping different hood designs and controls. Through this collaborative process, they were able to significantly reduce energy usage and first costs while maintaining safety. Izzo hopes their solutions can serve as an example for both new lab design and retrofitting existing facilities.

1. Adventures in Lab Ventilation
ROBIN IZZO
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

2. The Adventure Begins
!! The Cast
!! The Quest
!! The Path
!! The Obstacles
!! The Discovery
!! The Adventure Continues…
!! Episode 2
!! Episode 3…

3. The Cast – On Location
!! Office of Design and Construction
!! Architects
!! Planners
!! Facilities Engineering
!! Mechanical Engineers
!! EHS
!! Me
!! The Users (Chemistry Department)
!! Faculty
!! Technical Staff
!! Graduate Students

4. The Cast – Off-Site
!! Main Architect
!! Laboratory Designers
!! Code Experts
!! Code Administrators
!! Engineering Consultants
!! Commissioning Consultants
!! Move Consultants
!! Programming Consultants

5. The Quest
FUNCTIONAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
FLEXIBILITY
ENERGY SAVINGS
RELIABILITY

6. The Path
!! Pre-Programming Phase
!! Types and number of labs, space needs, etc.
!! Programming Phase
!! Visits to colleges and universities
"! Meet with users, maintenance staff, engineers
"! EHS, Chemistry, ODC, Engineering, Consultants
!! Sample hoods and other equipment
"! 3 years, 7 hoods, 4 sash positioning systems
"! Feedback from users, engineers and maintenance workers
"! Studied energy usage
!! Ask students and users what they like/dislike

7. The Obstacles
ENERGY USAGE
SAFETY VS. ENERGY SAVINGS
MAINTENANCE

8. Teaching Labs
!! A hood for every student !!
!! Nearly 200 hoods in teaching labs
!! Constant volume
!! 60 fpm
!! Glass, back to back
"! Instructor can view work
!! Three position control
"! On, off, prep
"! Key controlled by instructor
"! On 15 hours a week at most
!! One on permanently for storage,
set-up, dilution ventilation

9. Research Hoods
!! Another 200
!! Want 8-foot hoods
!! Sash position
!! Need to capture at full open
!! Students don’t close sash
!! Argue they need it open all the time
!! Footpad study
!! How long do they actively use hood?

10. The Discovery
RATHER, THE SOLUTIONS, WE HOPE…

11. Usage

12. Energy Savings

13. Plans
!! Low flow hoods
!! 60 fpm at 24 inches
!! Containment (tracer gas study) full open
!! Automatic sash closers
!! Not openers
!! Timing is important
!! Vertical sash only
!! Occupancy sensors
!! Status light
!! Occupied, unoccupied, trouble
!! Text messaging
!! Purge

14. Choosing the Right Hoods

15. Plans
!! ThermoFisher glass hoods for teaching labs
!! 60 fpm at 18 inches, CV
!! Waldner Secuflow hoods for research
!! VAV – Siemens’ controls
!! Pass ASHRAE at 24 inches
!! Pass containment portion full open
!! 75% Diversity Rate
!! Ventilation System Commissioning
!! Visited factories – ThermoFisher and Waldner
!! ASHRAE – test 25% every quarter for two years
!! Compare with EHS testing
!! Modified test with live people

16. The Adventure Continues
ANDLINGER CENTER FOR ENERGY AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTE
COMPLETE VENTILATION SYSTEM RETROFITS

17. Andlinger Center for Energy
and the Environment
!! Original programming for one lab:
!! Four 8 ft chemical hoods and 2 ducted biosafety cabinets
!! Conversations with researchers " design change:
!! Two 6 ft chemical hoods
!! Two ducted enclosures
!! One slot hood
!! Two fume extractors
!! One biosafety cabinet
!! Results
!! Cut thousands of cfm
!! Lower first costs and operating costs
!! More space in lab

18. Neuroscience Institute
!! Vivaria
!! AAALAC limitations on air change rate
!! Ventilated cages
!! Neuroscience research
!! Not as chemical intensive
!! Programming Stage
!! Low Flow Hoods
!! Active chemical monitoring
!! Demand ventilation
!! Computational flow
!! Flow rate 6 occupied/3 unoccupied

19. Retrofits
!! Energy studies
!! Two most energy intensive and inefficient buildings
"! LewisThomas Laboratory 1985 (Molecular Biology)
"! Jadwin Laboratory 1968 (Physics)
!! Cost-benefit of ventilation system upgrade
"! Increase efficiency
"! Decrease ventilation rates
"! Demand control ventilation
"! Lighting, etc.
!! Payback less than 8 years
!! Complete retrofit and
recommissioning

20. New Normal for Labs
!! Flexible use
!! Multi-disciplinary
!! Experimental today, computational tomorrow
FLEXIBLE ! ONE SIZE FITS ALL
!! Can design specifically and maintain flexibility

21. Decisions, Decisions
!! Work with your design team
!! Talk to the users
!! Understand the applications and the risk
!! Look beyond those applications
!! Try the options on for size
!! Installation, visits, meetings
!! Design for flexible future

22. Not Just for New Labs…
!! Are all hoods being used?
!! Do you need so many?
!! During annual testing, consider
turning off or turning down
!! Don’t be afraid to remove or move
a hood
!! Retrofit
!! Try new stuff

23. Questions?