- Consistent time synchronization is critical for broadcasting over IP networks, as standards like SMPTE 2059 and AES67 use IEEE 1588 PTP to timestamp audio and video streams. - SMPTE 2059 generates timing signals aligned to the SMPTE epoch and transports them over IP using PTP, enabling aligned audio, video, and metadata streams over asynchronous IP networks. - Relying solely on GNSS for timing poses availability risks, so combining GNSS with network timing provides greater accuracy and resiliency through technologies like SyncE and redundant master clocks.

1. Best practices in synchronizing IP-based packet
broadcasting networks
Luis E. Gonzalez
Business development manager - Oscilloquartz
May 11, 2022

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Need for timing in broadcasting
• Consistent time synchronization is absolutely critical in a media and broadcast facility. Without
equipment locked to the same timing source, multiple issues occur affecting media
services.
• In the baseband world, devices lock to a reference such as black/Tri-level sync, DARS,
Timecode or genlock.
• With the adoption of IP, standards have been developed under the SMPTE-2110 umbrella,
which define a different mechanism of providing timing using IEEE-1588/PTP
• There are 2 PTP profiles utilized in the broadcasting industry: AES67 and SMPTE 2059-2

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SMPTE 2059
• SMPTE ST 2059-1: generates & aligns interface signals to the SMPTE epoch (methodology)
• SMPTE ST 2059-2: uses PTP profile per IEEE-1588 precise time protocol
• Utilizes PTP to transport time reference signals (time, frequency, phase) over IP for timing recovery
in slave devices
• Enables audio, video & metadata content to be PTP-aligned over IP networks (mostly asynchronous)
AES 67
• Developed prior to SMPTE 2110 standards for audio over IP
• Later adopted under 2110-30
SMPTE 2059 & AES 67 profiles are very similar but not identical
ITU-T profiles are key for effective redundancy and distribution
over the network.
SMPTE 2059 timing & AES 67 audio
AES – Audio Engineering Society

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SMPTE 2059 uses PTP IP packets to do the job of traditional SPGs
Migration from SDI to PTP/SMPTE 2059
Master sync
generator
SDI
Frame
synchronizer
Remote
Onsite
Video
router
SDI
Video
processing
Video
server
Genlock (Sync)
SDI
IP
simplification
Master sync
generator
Frame
synchronizer
Remote
Onsite
Video
processing
Video
server
Video
router
Packet network
Media, control and timing
SDI SMPTE ST2110, AES67
IP
SMPTE 2059
ST-12,
Genlock,
black
burst
IEEE 1588
PTP
Video and audio
Timing

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Challenges with satellite-delivered timing
• GNSS outages or temporarily
degraded signal quality
• Ionospheric disturbances
• Solar activity
• Jamming: overpowering
weak GNSS signals
• Spoofing: fake GNSS
signals
• Obstructions from new buildings
and growing trees
• Antenna construction frequently
does not achieve clear sky view
• Interference from high-
power RF transmitters
such as TV, cellular, radar
and µWave
Is GNSS your only source for synchronization? You should be scared!

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Resilient and accurate timing
AES-67
SMPTE-2059-2
Access
clock
Primary synchronization
Global navigation and
satellite system (GNSS)
Packet-optical
transport
Combining GNSS with network timing for accuracy and resiliency
Availability: Combining
satellite- with network-delivered
timing
Synchronization interfaces:
Legacy Black burst, TLV, DARS,
TC, as well as latest PTP
featuring SMPTE-2059-2 and
AES-67 profile
Best practices: Applying multi-
technology devices for seamless
migration and resilient
operation
Optionally using Multiband or
even Cesium clocks for ultimate
autonomy & resiliency.
Backup synchronization
Legacy
interfaces

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Constant monitoring enables preventive detection of degradation
Monitoring

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8 © 2019 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.
Given high accuracy timestamping of audio
and video, additional information
(metadata) such as subtitles and languages
can more easily be added to content
streams.
Editing & production also is facilitated given
all video and audio can be synchronized at
the production facility now that all content
at the packet level is timestamped with
SMTPE 2059 and/or AES 67.
Given all content is packetized and synchronized, production now can happen
anywhere
Use case: remote collaboration
Closed
captioning
Video editing
Audio mixer
Graphics
Recording
Home studio
Main Studio
Video RTP packet
Audio RTP packet
Control/metadata packet
ST 2059/ AES 67 packet
IEEE 1588 GM clock
Remote
studio
Remote
audio
Remote
video
In studio content

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Small mobile solutions are key for flexible deployment
Use cases: simple mobile applications
A master clock source can be
added to a mobile unit easily
to provide timing to all
equipment used to capture
audio and video in the field.
This is a typical scenario for
compact grandmaster clocks
that require little or no
additional physical space
required.
Enable 2110 in mobile units.

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BC#1
BC1-A
BC &
SyncE
• Ethernet L2 multicast G.8275.1 profile & SyncE towards BC in the network
• GM/BC at transmitter side convert PTP to multiple PPS/CLK
Other applications in broadcast
Assured time
BC &
SyncE
BC1-B
PTP/SyncE
PTP/SyncE
PTP/SyncE
via BC DWDM
BC2-A
BC &
SyncE
BC &
SyncE
BC2-B
BC#2
BC3-A
BC &
SyncE
BC &
SyncE
BC3-B
PTP/SyncE
PTP/SyncE
Pr1
Pr2
BC#3
GM/BC
with 16XCLK /PPS
PTP/SyncE
via BC CWDM
Transmitters - 10MHz IN
Transmitters – 1PPS IN
Pr3
PTP PTP
GNSS
GNSS

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• Next-generation broadcast applications are moving to IP to take advantage of
lower cost and flexibility offered by IP technology.
• IP delivers higher flexibility for broadcast services but timestamping and network
engineering are critical for meeting expected QoS.
• Audio is also streamed with metadata and these streams must reliably align with video
when transmitted over asynchronous IP network connections.
• Reliable time sources must be deployed so that all content created in IP, can be produced,
edited and transmitted with high resolution content with expected QoS.
• Risks from GNSS reliance must be considered and planned for in order to ensure
service availability. Better oscillators, newer technologies & redundancy are key.
Takeaways

12. Thank you
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