2. OVERVIEW OF URINARY SYSTEM
Consist of 2 kidneys, 2
ureter, 1 urinary bladder
and 1 urethra.
After kidney filter the
blood, they return most of
the water and other
soluter to the blood
stream.
The remaining water
(urine), passes through
the ureters and is stored in
the urinary bladder.
4. FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY – regulate blood
volume and composition,
regulate pH, produce 2
hormones and excrete waste
URETERS- transport urine
from kidney to urinary bladder
URINARY BLADDER- store
urine and expels through
urethra
URETHRA- discharge urine
from the body
5. FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY
Regulation of ions in blood
Sodium-Na+
, potassium-K+
, calcium-Ca2+,
Cl-
,
phosphate HPO42-
Regulation of blood volume
adjust the volume of blood or eliminating it
in the urine
Regulation of blood pH
Regulate by excrete a variable amount of H+
in the urine, conserve bicarbonate HCO3-
Production of hormones
Calcitrole- calcium homeostasis
Erythropoietin- production of RBC
Excretion of waste
Ammonia and urea- amino acid
Creatinine- creatinine phosphate
Drugs ect
6. STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY
Each kidney is enclosed
in a renal capsule,
which is surrounded by
adipose tissue.
Internally, the kidneys
consist of a renal
cortex, renal medulla,
renal pyramids, renal
columns, major and
minor calyces, and a
renal pelvis.
Blood enters the kidney
through the renal
artery and leaves
through the renal vein.
8. NEPHRONS
The functional unit of the kidney is
called the nephron
About a million in each kidney
Consist of 2 part: renal corpuscle, and
renal tubule
Renal corpuscle =
glomerular (bowman’s capsule)
glomerulus
Renal tube
Proximal convoluted tubules
Nephron loop (descending &
ascending)
Distal convoluted tubules
9. FUNCTION OF NEPHRON
Nephrons perform three basic tasks: glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Together, the podocytes and glomerular endothelium form a leaky
filtration membrane that permits the passage of water and solutes
from the blood into the capsular space.
Blood cells and most plasma proteins remain in the blood because
they are too large to pass through the filtration membrane.
The pressure that causes filtration is the blood pressure in the
glomerular capillaries.
10. FUNCTIONS OF NEURON
Epithelial cells all along the renal tubules and collecting ducts
carry out tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Tubular
reabsorption retains substances needed by the body, including
water, glucose, amino acids, and ions such as sodium
(Na+
), potassium (K+
), chloride (Cl-
), bicarbonate (HCO3
-
),
calcium (Ca2+
), and magnesium (Mg2+
).
Tubular secretion discharges chemicals not needed by the body
into the urine. Included are excess ions, nitrogenous wastes,
hormones, and certain drugs. The kidneys help maintain
blood pH by secreting H+
. Tubular secretion also helps maintain
proper levels of K+
in the blood
21. URETERS
The ureters transport urine
from the renal pelves of the
right and left kidneys to the
urinary bladder
10 to 12 in long
diameter from 1-10 mm
22. URINARY BLADDER
The urinary bladder is posterior to the
pubic symphysis
the shape of urinary bladder depends on
how much urine is contain. when
empty, it look like a deflated balloon
Capacity ~700-800 ml
Smaller in female because, uterus
occupies the space superior to the
urinary bladder
Toward the base of urinary bladder, the
ureter drains into the urinary bladder
via the ureteral opening.
23. URETHRA
The terminal portion of the
urinary bladder to the
exterior of the body.
In both male and female,
the urethra is the
passageway for discharging
urine from the body.
The male urethra also
serves as the duct through
which semen is ejaculated.