SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 33
An introduction to
Social research
Presented by:
Prof. Akhlas Ahmed
NILAT (56th
PGD Program)
Nov. 15th
, 2017
Lecture # 01
Please introduce yourself first!
A birds eye view about topic!
Do you know what research is?
Research in common is the
quest or search for knowledge.
Let's try to understand about
the concept of research!
‘Research’ is a very dynamic word…
It’s answer varying from one person to other, from layman to scientist
and even from one field to other.
Do you agree?
Examples:
Baying electronic item on very low price!
Getting best deal for food entertainment!
Find out cheaper travelling packages for holidays!
A business analysis continuously looking at the
share market to investment for maximum profit!
An undergraduate student collecting information
for his assignment!
Graduate or postgraduate student simply
collecting and compiling data for their project
assigned by the professor!
Do you think all these examples are considered
as research? If yes/ no (tell How?)
It’s about collecting data!
It’s about collecting
information!
It’s about learning new things!
It’s about finding new things!
It’s about broadening your own
horizon!
As well it’s about advancing
your knowledge!
How to broaden your horizon?
In order to broaden your horizon
combining thoughts about data
and new knowledge
It start with great idea!
Select and formulate questions
to be studied…
Data must be collected,
summarized and organized
Data must be relate with
the research questions
Conclusion should then be
drawn and thought limitation of
the study
Suggestion should be made for
further research
Honesty and accuracy of your data
To know the difference between
theory and fact!
What do you know about
scientific knowledge?
 Knowledge should be of
scientific in nature.
 It should explain certain
phenomena and behavior
using scientific method
Research is divided into two
broad types
1.Inductive or theory building
2.Deductive or theory testing
A theory is a supposition or
generalized thinking of ideas or
intended to answer
A fact is something known or
proven choose by the society
The definition of research is to
digging out information using
scientific method through
different reliable sources.
According to oxford dictionary
‘ The definition of research is
the systematic investigation into
and study of materials and
sources in order to establish
facts and reach new conclusion.
Research is a learning and
sharing knowledge
Q/A Session

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

The research process
The research processThe research process
The research processJane Garay
 
Basicresearch 161019133242
Basicresearch 161019133242Basicresearch 161019133242
Basicresearch 161019133242Qudratullah
 
Lecture 1 4 (1)
Lecture 1 4 (1)Lecture 1 4 (1)
Lecture 1 4 (1)subhan ali
 
The demands of communication studies research
The demands of communication studies researchThe demands of communication studies research
The demands of communication studies researchKenneth James
 
Advance Research Methods Hypothesis
Advance Research Methods HypothesisAdvance Research Methods Hypothesis
Advance Research Methods HypothesisYayvo.com
 
Film Research Definitions
Film Research DefinitionsFilm Research Definitions
Film Research DefinitionsMikey Masher
 
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case Studies
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case StudiesBuilding Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case Studies
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case StudiesJane Gilgun
 
Part 1 research methodology
Part 1 research methodologyPart 1 research methodology
Part 1 research methodologydeepmehta11
 
Definition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joy
Definition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joyDefinition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joy
Definition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joymanumelwin
 
Lecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptx
Lecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptxLecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptx
Lecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptxMuhammad wajid Raza
 
nursing research & ebp
nursing research & ebpnursing research & ebp
nursing research & ebptwiggypiggy
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

The research process
The research processThe research process
The research process
 
Basicresearch 161019133242
Basicresearch 161019133242Basicresearch 161019133242
Basicresearch 161019133242
 
Research method concept
Research method conceptResearch method concept
Research method concept
 
3 scientific temper meaning and nature
3 scientific temper meaning and nature3 scientific temper meaning and nature
3 scientific temper meaning and nature
 
Lecture 1 4 (1)
Lecture 1 4 (1)Lecture 1 4 (1)
Lecture 1 4 (1)
 
Group 4
Group 4Group 4
Group 4
 
Dissertation dilemmas
Dissertation dilemmasDissertation dilemmas
Dissertation dilemmas
 
The demands of communication studies research
The demands of communication studies researchThe demands of communication studies research
The demands of communication studies research
 
Research quality
Research qualityResearch quality
Research quality
 
Advance Research Methods Hypothesis
Advance Research Methods HypothesisAdvance Research Methods Hypothesis
Advance Research Methods Hypothesis
 
Film Research Definitions
Film Research DefinitionsFilm Research Definitions
Film Research Definitions
 
Research
Research Research
Research
 
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case Studies
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case StudiesBuilding Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case Studies
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case Studies
 
Part 1 research methodology
Part 1 research methodologyPart 1 research methodology
Part 1 research methodology
 
Research Methodology
Research Methodology  Research Methodology
Research Methodology
 
Definition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joy
Definition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joyDefinition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joy
Definition of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin joy
 
Lecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptx
Lecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptxLecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptx
Lecture 1_Research definition and overview.pptx
 
nursing research & ebp
nursing research & ebpnursing research & ebp
nursing research & ebp
 
The Nature of Science
The Nature of ScienceThe Nature of Science
The Nature of Science
 
nature and scope of science
nature and scope of sciencenature and scope of science
nature and scope of science
 

Similar a Lecture # 1 nilat (nov 15th 2017)

ECH5990 What is Research.pptx
ECH5990 What is Research.pptxECH5990 What is Research.pptx
ECH5990 What is Research.pptxzenAlkaff
 
introduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.pptintroduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.pptDoctorOkelloBen
 
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)balanjo elvis berinyuy
 
1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt
1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt
1-FE 657- Research Methods I.pptTadesseMelesse2
 
AAU Research Methods.pdf
AAU Research Methods.pdfAAU Research Methods.pdf
AAU Research Methods.pdfKathryn Patel
 
Introduction to Research Methodology for Information system
Introduction to Research Methodology for Information systemIntroduction to Research Methodology for Information system
Introduction to Research Methodology for Information systemgebrsh
 
Research methods introduction
Research methods introductionResearch methods introduction
Research methods introductionMarcus Leaning
 
res method for bio
res method for biores method for bio
res method for bioShivraj Nile
 
An overview of research methodology
An overview of research methodologyAn overview of research methodology
An overview of research methodologyYuga Priya Satheesh
 
Introduction to Educational Research
Introduction to Educational ResearchIntroduction to Educational Research
Introduction to Educational ResearchPedro Martinez
 
BRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdf
BRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdfBRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdf
BRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdfDaire Lazaro
 
theory and research
theory and researchtheory and research
theory and researchfatima245698
 
chapter one research methodology dentistry
chapter one research methodology dentistrychapter one research methodology dentistry
chapter one research methodology dentistryNadiirMahamoud
 

Similar a Lecture # 1 nilat (nov 15th 2017) (20)

ECH5990 What is Research.pptx
ECH5990 What is Research.pptxECH5990 What is Research.pptx
ECH5990 What is Research.pptx
 
introduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.pptintroduction to research-2023.ppt
introduction to research-2023.ppt
 
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)
Mba604 course materials lecture (RESERCH METHODOLOGY BY NTANSI MAX)
 
1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt
1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt
1-FE 657- Research Methods I.ppt
 
grupo 1
grupo 1grupo 1
grupo 1
 
AAU Research Methods.pdf
AAU Research Methods.pdfAAU Research Methods.pdf
AAU Research Methods.pdf
 
Unit-1.pdf
Unit-1.pdfUnit-1.pdf
Unit-1.pdf
 
BRM_Introduction.ppt
BRM_Introduction.pptBRM_Introduction.ppt
BRM_Introduction.ppt
 
Introduction to Research Methodology for Information system
Introduction to Research Methodology for Information systemIntroduction to Research Methodology for Information system
Introduction to Research Methodology for Information system
 
RM UNIT 1.pdf
RM UNIT 1.pdfRM UNIT 1.pdf
RM UNIT 1.pdf
 
What is research.pptx
What is research.pptxWhat is research.pptx
What is research.pptx
 
Research methodology part 1
Research methodology part 1Research methodology part 1
Research methodology part 1
 
Research methods introduction
Research methods introductionResearch methods introduction
Research methods introduction
 
Basic concept of research
Basic concept of researchBasic concept of research
Basic concept of research
 
res method for bio
res method for biores method for bio
res method for bio
 
An overview of research methodology
An overview of research methodologyAn overview of research methodology
An overview of research methodology
 
Introduction to Educational Research
Introduction to Educational ResearchIntroduction to Educational Research
Introduction to Educational Research
 
BRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdf
BRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdfBRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdf
BRAINSTORMING OF IDEAS.pdf
 
theory and research
theory and researchtheory and research
theory and research
 
chapter one research methodology dentistry
chapter one research methodology dentistrychapter one research methodology dentistry
chapter one research methodology dentistry
 

Más de Dynamic Research Centre & institute

Más de Dynamic Research Centre & institute (20)

Talks1 @ NILAT(05.10.2023) Orientation to Research.pptx
Talks1 @ NILAT(05.10.2023) Orientation to Research.pptxTalks1 @ NILAT(05.10.2023) Orientation to Research.pptx
Talks1 @ NILAT(05.10.2023) Orientation to Research.pptx
 
Talks # 2
Talks # 2 Talks # 2
Talks # 2
 
CV Synopsis Prof. Dr. Akhlas Ahmed
CV Synopsis Prof. Dr. Akhlas AhmedCV Synopsis Prof. Dr. Akhlas Ahmed
CV Synopsis Prof. Dr. Akhlas Ahmed
 
Profile Dr. Akhlas Ahmed (March 6th 2021)
Profile Dr. Akhlas Ahmed (March 6th 2021)Profile Dr. Akhlas Ahmed (March 6th 2021)
Profile Dr. Akhlas Ahmed (March 6th 2021)
 
Workplace Communication in Organization
Workplace Communication in OrganizationWorkplace Communication in Organization
Workplace Communication in Organization
 
Lecture # 3
Lecture # 3 Lecture # 3
Lecture # 3
 
Lecture # 2
Lecture # 2 Lecture # 2
Lecture # 2
 
Lecture # 1
Lecture # 1 Lecture # 1
Lecture # 1
 
Lecture # 16
Lecture # 16Lecture # 16
Lecture # 16
 
Lecture # 16
Lecture # 16Lecture # 16
Lecture # 16
 
Course Outlines for Strategic Marketing Fall-2018-19
Course Outlines for Strategic Marketing Fall-2018-19Course Outlines for Strategic Marketing Fall-2018-19
Course Outlines for Strategic Marketing Fall-2018-19
 
Lecture # 04
Lecture # 04 Lecture # 04
Lecture # 04
 
Teaching methods
Teaching methodsTeaching methods
Teaching methods
 
Teaching methods
Teaching methodsTeaching methods
Teaching methods
 
Lecture # 5 nilat (jan 2nd 2018)
Lecture # 5 nilat (jan 2nd 2018)Lecture # 5 nilat (jan 2nd 2018)
Lecture # 5 nilat (jan 2nd 2018)
 
Lecture # 3 nilat (dec 6th 2017)
Lecture # 3 nilat (dec 6th 2017)Lecture # 3 nilat (dec 6th 2017)
Lecture # 3 nilat (dec 6th 2017)
 
Lecture # 2 nilat (nov 22nd 2017)
Lecture # 2 nilat (nov 22nd 2017)Lecture # 2 nilat (nov 22nd 2017)
Lecture # 2 nilat (nov 22nd 2017)
 
5th Lecture Market Analysis of Strategic Marketing
5th Lecture Market Analysis of Strategic Marketing5th Lecture Market Analysis of Strategic Marketing
5th Lecture Market Analysis of Strategic Marketing
 
1st lecture strategic marketing
1st lecture strategic marketing1st lecture strategic marketing
1st lecture strategic marketing
 
6th lecture Analyzing Competition of Strategic Marketing
6th lecture Analyzing Competition of Strategic Marketing6th lecture Analyzing Competition of Strategic Marketing
6th lecture Analyzing Competition of Strategic Marketing
 

Último

Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsTechSoup
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxDenish Jangid
 
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptxThird Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptxAmita Gupta
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docxPoojaSen20
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Jisc
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhikauryashika82
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17Celine George
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701bronxfugly43
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfciinovamais
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesCeline George
 
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxAmanpreet Kaur
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and ModificationsMJDuyan
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...christianmathematics
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentationcamerronhm
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibitjbellavia9
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.MaryamAhmad92
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsMebane Rash
 
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
PROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docxPROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docx
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docxPoojaSen20
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Association for Project Management
 

Último (20)

Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptxThird Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
PROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docxPROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docx
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
 

Lecture # 1 nilat (nov 15th 2017)

Notas del editor

  1. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  2. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  3. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  4. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  5. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  6. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  7. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  8. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  9. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  10. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  11. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  12. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  13. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  14. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  15. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  16. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  17. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  18. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  19. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  20. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  21. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  22. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  23. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  24. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  25. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  26. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  27. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  28. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  29. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  30. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  31. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  32. Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 595-596.
  33. Organizational culture is a system of meaning that members share and that distinguishes the organization from others. The dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization’s members. However, subcultures exist in any organization. Developing along departmental or geographical lines to reflect common problems, situations, or experiences faced by members, subcultures include core values of the dominant culture plus additional values unique to members of the department. If organizations had no dominant culture and were composed, instead, of numerous subcultures, the value of organizational culture as an independent variable would be significantly lessened because there would be no uniform interpretation of what represented appropriate and inappropriate behavior. It is the “shared meaning” aspect of culture that makes it such a potent device for guiding and shaping behavior.