Cerebral palsy is a group of neurological disorders that appear in early childhood and affect movement and motor skills. It is caused by abnormalities in the developing brain, either during pregnancy, childbirth, or after. The main types are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and hypotonic. Spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by stiff muscles and limbs. Athetoid cerebral palsy involves involuntary movements. Ataxic cerebral palsy affects balance and coordination. Causes include oxygen deprivation during birth, genetic disorders, premature birth complications, and brain injuries. Children with cerebral palsy require specialized education to develop their mobility, daily living skills, communication, and academics through adaptations, accommod

3. The term cerebral palsy is composed of two
separate words cerebral and palsy.
The word cerebral here stands for something on
the part of the brain.
Thus, appropriately emphasizing the importance
of the brain in causing the condition.
The second word palsy signifies some weakness
or problem in the way a person moves or
positions his or her body.
In this way, the term cerebral palsy as a whole
stands for the loss or inability in exercising
control over the movements of the body or
motor behaviour as a result of something wrong
in the brain.

4. Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe
a set of neurological conditions that
affect movement.
It is a group of permanent movement
disorders that appear in early childhood.
Cerebral palsy is the impairment in one’s
motor functioning caused through
abnormalities and anomalies of the
brain, generally speaking, cerebral palsy
is characterised by involuntary jerking
movements, a poor sense of balance,
spastic muscles and speech impairment.

7. Types of Cerebral Palsy
A number of sub-types are classified based on the
specific problems present. Those with stiff muscles
have spastic cerebral palsy, those with poor co-
ordination have ataxic cerebral palsy, and those with
writing movements have athetoid cerebral palsy.

8. There are
four types
of cerebral
palsy:
1.Spastic
2.Athetoid-
dyskinetic
3.Ataxic 4.Hypotonic

9. 1.Spastic cerebral palsy
Characterised with stiffness and permanent
contracture of the muscles. Usually such
children have one or more tight muscle groups
that cause limitations to their movements.
Spastic cerebral palsy is further divided into
certain subtypes as follows on the basis of
the limbs affected through such damage.

10. (a) Spastic hemiplegia:- in this subtype
cerebral palsy, only one limb ( arm or leg ) on
one side of the body of the child is affected.
(b) Spastic diplegia :- in the subtype of
spastic cerebral palsy, both legs of the child are
affected. The leg and hip muscles are tight.
(c) Spastic quadriplegia :- in this type, the
legs, arms and body are affected.

11. Athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy :-
characterised by the presence of
involuntary movements and tonal
abnormalities involving the child’s whole
body. The child will have problems walking,
sitting, maintaining posture and speaking
clearly because the tongue and vocal cords
are hard to control.
Ataxic cerebral palsy :-
characterised by the child’s
whole body. Balance and co-
ordination are most affected.
Tasks that need fine motor skill
will be difficult such as tying
shoelaces, buttoning up shirts
and cutting with scissors.
Mixed cerebral palsy :- exhibiting
symptoms of more than one of the
previous three forms.

16. Causes
 Muscle control takes place in a part of the brain called the cerebrum. The cerebrum is
the upper part of the brain.
 Damage to the cerebrum before, during or within 5 years of birth can cause palsy.
 The cerebrum is also responsible for memory, ability to learn and communication
skills.
 This is why some people with cerebral palsy have problems with communication and
learning. Cerebrum damage can some affect vision and hearing.
- Some new-borns are deprived of oxygen during labour and delivery. It may
sometimes cause cerebral palsy.
- Genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities.
- In premature deliveries, bleeding into the brain of the babies can cause significant
damage to the brain.
- Traumatic brain injury.

17. Symptoms
- Muscular and movement problems.
- Poor co-ordination and balance.
- Involuntary, slow writhing movements.
- Stiff muscles that contract abnormally.
- Crawling in as unusual way
- Lying down in awkward position.
- Favouring one side of the body over the other
- A limited range of movements
- Hearing and eye sight problems
- Seizures
- Drooling and problems with feeding, sucking and swallowing.
- Being easily startled
- Movements or posture problems
- Poor feeding abilities

18. • Educational provision for the children with cerebral palsy
• The children with cerebral palsy need education in the same way as other non-disabled
children may need it for the development of their full potential, get adjusted to their
environment and contribute significantly towards the progress of their own and the
society
• In the case of the children hearing severe problems of the postures, movements and
other ailing or seriously disturbed condition, the parents may continue the home based
education and then switch over to the private coaching and correspondence or distant
education system as an alternative for the education of their children.
• In the case of children who have additional problems like MR, visual, hearing and
communication disabilities, the parents may opt for sending their children to special
schools meant for MR, deaf and dumb and blinds etc.
• How ever for majority of the children, the placement a alternative for their education
mainly lies with their integration and mainstreaming in the regular schools with adequate
support services.

19. Making necessary adaptation and accommodations in the instructional
activities.
- Making provision for the necessary audio-visual aids and equipment.
- Creating a healthy environment and attitude towards them in the school
for their adjustment and education.
- Making suitable adaptation regarding toilet, drinking water etc. to these
children.
- Making provisions for the services of a professional and a specialist.
In the direction a meaningful programme of the education of the children
with cerebral palsy is needed to focus on promoting
• Functional mobility.
• Function in daily living skills.
• Communication skills.
• Academic progress.

31. ANJU A
KEYI SAHIB
TRAINING
COLLEGE