We are facing an important challenge: reduce drastically our GHG emissions. Renewables will play an important role. More than 58% of our emissions' reductions depend on renewables. In this presentation we explain the role of renewables and present two important european projects to boost renewables: iDistributedPV and Biomasstep. The Association of Companies of Renewable Energies (APPA Renovables) groups companies and entities whose purpose is the use of renewable energy sources in all its forms. Established in 1987, APPA is the leading association of the renewable energy sector in Spain.

1. TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE
EMPOWERMENT OF
ENERGY CONSUMERS
Javier A. Muñoz
Lucía Dólera
COP25, Madrid - December 7, 2019

2. COP 25 - Empowerment of Energy Consumers2
What APPA Renovables is?
 APPA Renovables
The Association of Companies of Renewable Energies (APPA Renovables) groups companies and
entities whose purpose is the use of renewable energy sources in all its forms. Established in
1987, APPA is the leading association of the renewable energy sector in Spain.
 Sections:
 APPA Renovables collaborates with public and private entities:
 Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC).
 CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas).
 Comité de Agentes del Mercado de la Electricidad (OMIE).
 Member of Comittees at AENOR, ENAC, etc.
 Other public entities (regional energy agencies, R&D centers, etc.).
 Wind Power
 Geothermal
 Sea Energy
 Self Consumption
 Biofuels
 Biomass
 Small Wind
 Small Hydro
 Solar PV

3. COP 25 - Empowerment of Energy Consumers3
Our companies…
More than 350 companies of every renewable technology:

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Climbing down the mountain

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How do we do it?
44% + 14%
=
58%
Renewable’s
contribution

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Electrification: the fastest option
Energy
74,6%
Fossil Fuels
13,9%
Renewables
Electricity
40,4%
Fossil Fuels
38,4%
Fossil Fuels

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How are we electrificating?
80/20 rule
From 20% to 80% in just 17 years
Electric Power installed in EU
<20%
>80%

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Is it expensive?
Wind
-70%; 10 years
Solar PV
-89%; 10 years

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Let’s do it!!
Renewables are the main tool to reduce emissions:
58% of emission’s reductions are related to
renewables
Electrification is the fastest way to reduce our
emissions
Renewables are no longer expensive: 70% to 89%
cost reduction, competitive in prices against
traditional energies
The discussion is not about price. What we need is to
integrate large amounts of renewables in our system:
electricity, heat and transport

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Two international projects

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iDistributedPV

12. • 7 th December 2019
Prosumers for energy transition
iDistributedPV Project summary
Lucía Dólera
iDistributedPV project coordinator

13. 13
iDistributedPV
Objetive & Scope
Initiative funded by the H2020 program of the EU aimed
to ease the installation of large-scale distributed solar PV
generation. Its scope includes:
 Regulatory framework and business enviroment
review of the EU countries.
 Development of approaches for sizing optimally
prosumer PV installations (solutions).
 Assess the impact of these solutions in the electric
system.
 Propose business models.

14. Solution Sub-solution
1 homeowner - single family house
2 company as investor e.g. company, office building, hotel, supermarket, farm…
3 contractor concept
e.g. company, office building, shopping mall, hotel,
supermarket, farm…
4
municipal buildings
(state as investor)
e.g. schools, hospitals
5 controllable load
e.g. water pumping (with a water tank as storage), EV
charging
6
multi-family house
(investor sells electricity to tenants)
7
community storage
(shared storage)
8 virtual power plant e.g. peer-to-peer, energy wholesale market
iDistributedPV
Overview

15. 15
Distributed
SOLAR PV :
Prosumer
Wholesale
electricity
market (pool)
Electricity
(exported)
€
Red Eléctrica
(DSO)
Retail market
Grid
(DSO)
Electricity
(imported)
€
 Consumers who generate their own electricity (in this case with
photovoltaic solar equipment) to attend their demand
 Depending on the price signals, surpluses are stored for later
consumption or exported to the system.
AgregatorTrading company
Distributed Solar Generation
The prosumer

16. 16
The environment Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
0
1
2
3
May2009
Sept2009
Jan2010
May2010
Sept2010
Jan2011
May2011
Sep2011
Jan2012
May2012
Sep2012
Jan2013
May2013
Sep2013
Jan2014
May2014
Sep2014
Jan2015
May2015
Sep2015
Jan2016
May2016
Sep2016
January2017
May2017
September2017
January2018
May2018
September2018
January2019
$/Wp
German spot market prices for polycrystalline
modules from Europe
86 % drop in the last 10
years
 Reduction of solar PV
investment
Competitive LCOE
compared with other
technologies
 Improvement in
monitoring solutions
 Enhancement of the
technology
characteristics
Nowadays, distributed
generation and integrated local
energy systems are an
affordable solution

17. 17
Cost of the electricity supply in
the consumption location based
on distributed solar PV
€600/kW
1,700 x 25
= c€1.4/kWh
 Investment:
€600-1,200/kW
 Production in
Madrid area:
1,700 kWh/kW
 Useful life: 20-
30 years
 Maintenance
cost: no relevant
The environment

18. 18
The scope: distributed solar PV
 Integration approach: demand + solar
PV + batteries
 Optimal sizing of solar PV equipment
and storage devices according to
consumption patterns and radiation
profile: affordable business models
 Impact on wholesale market price
 Impact of the solution on the electricity
system reliability: static and dynamic
assessment
 Recommendations: business,
regulation and technical
Test in
different EU
environments:
 Greece
 Poland
 Lithuania
 Germany
 Spain

19. 19
The business
 Investment in solar
PV equipment and
devices
Reduces the variable term
of the electricity supply price
Reduces the fixed term of
the electricity supply price
Incomes due to the excess
of production
Performance improvement
of the business processes

20. 20
The case studies
More than 80 case studies
 Economic affordable solution,
IRR higher than 7% (in some
EU locations higher than 10%)
 Relevant self-sufficiency.
Depending on the
consumption profile, up to 60%
 The effectiveness of the
solution is based on self-
consumption rather export
energy to the market
 Currently, the storage reduces
the return of the investmentExample: Residential prosumer in Germany

21. 21
The impact of the distributed solar
PV on reliability of the system
• Static
and
dynamic
assessm
ent,
simulati
ng the
impact
of
different
levels of
distribut
ed PV
penetrat
ion on
 Voltage control: reduction of this
variable volatility with reference to
the voltage reference
 Reduction of losses in the
transmission and distribution grid
 Reduction of the load of circuits
 Reduction of risk exposure with
reference to incidents in the
system (contingencies)
 Solar PV increases the impact of
frequency drops. Batteries mitigate
this impact.

22. 22
Recommendations
In progress
 The solar PV panels can cover most of the demand at sunlight
hours while the rest of the time the electricity is purchased from the
grid: self-consumption
Relevant economic savings in the variable and capacity power
prices.
 Clustering prosumers is an effective approach: optimization in the
investment process and in the self-consumption (reduction of
electricity excesses).
 Net metering approach could promote the installation of distributed
solar PV: problem due to the compensations cash flows.
 The effective integration of prosumers to provide energy/services
to the market/system operators require to establish intermediaries
(aggregator): optimizing.

23. 23
Recommendations
In progress
 The usage of batteries to enable the penetration of distributed
solar PV requires the reduction of its costs to around €120/kWh
Batteries is an accurate solution to provide frequency control
services.
 It is necessary to establish a regulatory framework for the
aggregators activities (integration with the market and system
operators).
 In order to incentivise the distributors to collaborate in the large
penetration of distributed generation, economic incentives has to
be established based on the positive impact of this solution.
 It is pending to decide the information flow of the distributed solar
PV with the DSO and TSO, and the monitoring process.

24. Thank you for your attention!! 

25. COP 25 - Empowerment of Energy Consumers25
BioMassTep

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BioMassTep
BioMassTep Project:
Development and transfer to bioenergy
companies of an innovative NIR (Near-
Infrared Spectroscopy) technology for rapid
and economic analysis of the quality of local
biomass in the cross-border network.
(0022-BIOMASSTEP-5-E)

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BioMassTep
Target 1:
Development of NIR chemometric models for the prediction
of physicochemical parameters of local biomass quality.
Target 3:
Improve the participation of the business fabric in
innovation processes and in R&D&I activities in the local
biomass market
Target 2:
Transfer of NIR technology to companies in the bioenergy
sector.

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BioMassTep
Standard normative
Properties Standard Unit Quality A Quality B
Moisture content EN 1477
% P/P Dry basis
≤ 15 ≤ 20
Ash EN14775 ≤ 0.6 ≤ 0.9
Calorific value EN 14918 MJ/kg ≤ 15.9 ≤14.7
Block density EN 15103 kg/m3 ≥730 ≥650
Nitrogen, N EN 15104
% P/P Dry basis
≤ 0.12 ≤ 0.17
Sulfur, S EN 15289 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.02
Clorine, Cl EN 15289 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.03
Arsenic, As
EN 15297 mg/kg
≤ 1 ≤ 1
Cadmium, Cd ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5
Chrome, Cr ≤ 10 ≤ 10
Copper, Cu ≤ 10 ≤ 10
Lead, Pb ≤ 10 ≤ 10
Mercury, Hg ≤0. 1 ≤ 15.17
Nikel, Ni ≤ 10 ≤ 10
Zinc, Zn ≤ 100 ≤ 100
Oil Content % P/P Dry basis ≤ 0.13 ≤ 0.35
Particle Size mm ≤ 2 ≤ 5

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BioMassTep
REFERENCE
analysis
Moisture, ash, volatile,
calorific value, fixed
carbon, nitrogen,
hydrogen, sulfur
Chemometrics
Calibration
samples
How a NIRS application is
developed?
% H = Ao+A1 log (1/R)1 + A2log (1/R)2+.....+An log (1/R)n
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Longitud de onda (nm)
LOG1/R
NIRS analysis (400-2500 nm)
Quantitative predictive
models
Unknown sample
Sample Moisture Ash PCI Carbon PCS LAB
INHN115 16.38 0.6 83.82 15.58 4585
INH 21.15 0.58 81.91 17.51 4576
INHN119 17.54 0.64 83.37 15.99 4530
INHN123 18.53 0.72 82.86 16.43 4591
NIRS results

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BioMassTep
Analyzed biomass

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BioMassTep
PARTNERS

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BioMassTep
WEB
https://www.biomasstep.es/
SOCIAL NETWORKS
https://twitter.com/Biomasstep
https://www.facebook.com/Biomasstep/
CONTACT

33. Sede Madrid
Dr. Castelo 10, 3ºC-D
28009 Madrid
Tel. 91 400 96 91
Fax. 91 409 75 05
comunicacion@appa.es
Sede Barcelona
Muntaner, 248. 1º1ª.
08021 Barcelona
Tel. 93 241 93 69
appa@appa.es
Thanks for your attention!!
www.appa.es
appa@appa.es