Allergies and autoimmune diseases are examples of unfavourable immune system-induced reactions that are referred to as hypersensitivity. These reactions, which are frequently referred to as immune system overreactions, can be harmful and painful. A drug, your body's immune system, and viruses all interact in a complex way to induce hypersensitivity syndrome. Over time, it tends to get narrower. Antihistamines, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and epinephrine are all supportive treatments for acute type I hypersensitivity reactions. Purpose: The purpose of this interactive webinar is to raise awareness about Hypersensitivity reaction and the approaches to timely control this reaction.

3. Hypersensitivity
• Refer to undesirable reactions produced by the normal
immune system.
Allergy
According to British Immunological Society.the allergy can
be defined as;
Allergy is a specific hypersensitivity of an individual to
foreign particales usually a protien to which a specific
individual is exposed. Example Antibody.

4. Signs and Symptoms of Allergy
• Nose (allergic rhinitis)
• Eyes (redness,allergic conjunctivitis)
• Airways (sneezing,asthma,coughing)
• Ears (feeling of fullness)
• Skin (rashes)
• GIT (bloating,vomiting,diarrhoea)

5. Allergen
Common allergens include:
 Pollen
 dust
 chemicals
 drugs (antibiotics)
 foods (milk,wheat etc)
 perfumes
 plants
 smoke
The foreign substance that provokes a reaction.

6. Types of Allergens
These allergens or dispersed in air when we inhaled air
these allergens are also enter in our respiratory tract
and cause allergy.examples are perfumes etc.
Inhalant Allergens:
Ingested Allergens:
These allergens are present in our food stuff. when
we eat that contaminated food these allergens are
also ingested with food particles .examples are
milk,eggs,fish etc.

7. Injectable Allergens
Due to injections of medication and insect sting.examples
are dizziness and shock.
Contact Allergens
Due to Jewelery,Cosmetics,Pets

8. Types of Hypersensitivity
The four-group classification was expounded by P.H.G.Gell
and Robin Coombs:
Allergy (Immediate Hypersensitivity):
These occur quickly after exposure the allergens .
mediated by IgE antibodies.e.g, Hay fever ,asthma,Hives
Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity:
Cell damaged caused by antibodies directed against cell
surface antigens.e.g, Rh disease,Myasthenia gravis.

9. Immune Complex Disorder
Damage caused by deposition of antibodies complexes in
the tissues.e.g, Serum sickness.
Cell-Mediated Immunity:
It takes 1 or 2 days for T cells to stimulate exposure of
extrinsic antigens or internal antigens.e.g,dyes,multiple
sclerosis.
Mechanism of Allergy
Three players of allergy:
 Allergen
 Antibodies
 Inflamatory mediators

10. Allergy Testing
There are different types of tests are performed
for the diagosis of allergy .
 Skin test
 Blood test
Skin test
Scratch test
Patch test
Intradermal test
Blood test
RAST(Radioallergosorbent testing)
ELISA(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)

11. Treatment of allergy:
There are three genral approaches to the treatment of allergic
diseases that are :
 Avoidance
 Pharmacothrapy
 Immunotherapy