2. Human Sexual Response CycleHuman Sexual Response Cycle
Appetitive or Desire.Appetitive or Desire.
Arousal.Arousal.
Orgasm.Orgasm.
Resolution.Resolution.
3. HomosexualityHomosexuality
No longer considered a disorder (sinceNo longer considered a disorder (since
DSM-IIIR)DSM-IIIR)
– No physiological differences in arousal.No physiological differences in arousal.
– No difference in psychological disturbance.No difference in psychological disturbance.
– No gender identity confusion.No gender identity confusion.
– Similar concerns regarding life issues.Similar concerns regarding life issues.
4. Dysfunction vs. DisorderDysfunction vs. Disorder
Dysfunction:Dysfunction:
– Disruption of any part of the normalDisruption of any part of the normal
response cycle.response cycle.
Sexual desire.Sexual desire.
Psycho-physiological changes.Psycho-physiological changes.
Response cycle.Response cycle.
Causes distress for the person.Causes distress for the person.
Disorder:Disorder:
– Recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasiesRecurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies
or behavior that involves unusual objects,or behavior that involves unusual objects,
activities or situations.activities or situations.
– Causes distress or impairment.Causes distress or impairment.
6. Sexual DysfunctionsSexual Dysfunctions
Sexual Desire Disorders.Sexual Desire Disorders.
Sexual Arousal Disorders.Sexual Arousal Disorders.
Orgasmic Disorders.Orgasmic Disorders.
Sexual Pain Disorders.Sexual Pain Disorders.
Prevalence:Prevalence:
– Ranges from 5 to 35 percent of the generalRanges from 5 to 35 percent of the general
population.population.
7. Sexual Desire DisordersSexual Desire Disorders
Disorders related to theDisorders related to the appetitiveappetitive
phasephase..
40 to 50% of all sexual dysfunctions are40 to 50% of all sexual dysfunctions are
desire (Spector & Carey, 1990).desire (Spector & Carey, 1990).
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder:
– Absent or low sexual interest or desire.Absent or low sexual interest or desire.
– 20% of adults.20% of adults.
– Can be lifelong.Can be lifelong.
Sexual Aversion disorder:Sexual Aversion disorder:
– Avoidance of and aversion to sexualAvoidance of and aversion to sexual
intercourse.intercourse.
8. Sexual Arousal DisordersSexual Arousal Disorders
Relate to the excitement phase.Relate to the excitement phase.
Problems involving feelings of sexualProblems involving feelings of sexual
pleasure.pleasure.
Kaplan estimates that approximatelyKaplan estimates that approximately
50% of men have experienced transient50% of men have experienced transient
impotence.impotence.
9. Sexual Arousal DisordersSexual Arousal Disorders
Female SexualFemale Sexual
Arousal Disorder:Arousal Disorder:
– Inability to attain orInability to attain or
maintainmaintain
physiologicalphysiological
response duringresponse during
sexual activity.sexual activity.
Male ErectileMale Erectile
Disorder:Disorder:
– Inability to attain orInability to attain or
maintain an erection.maintain an erection.
– Primary.Primary.
– Secondary.Secondary.
10. Orgasmic DisordersOrgasmic Disorders
Female Orgasmic Disorder:Female Orgasmic Disorder:
– Persistent delay or inability to achieve orgasm.Persistent delay or inability to achieve orgasm.
Male Orgasmic Disorder:Male Orgasmic Disorder:
– Persistent delay or inability to achieve anPersistent delay or inability to achieve an
orgasm.orgasm.
Premature Ejaculation:Premature Ejaculation:
– Ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation.Ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation.
11. Orgasmic DisordersOrgasmic Disorders
Female Orgasmic Disorder:Female Orgasmic Disorder:
– Actually rare.Actually rare.
– Less than 1% of women.Less than 1% of women.
Male Orgasmic Disorder:Male Orgasmic Disorder:
– Rare.Rare.
– Often associated with trauma.Often associated with trauma.
Premature Ejaculation:Premature Ejaculation:
– 38% of men experience this disorder.38% of men experience this disorder.
12. Sexual Pain DisordersSexual Pain Disorders
Dyspareunia:Dyspareunia:
– Genital pain in a man or womenGenital pain in a man or women notnot due todue to
lack of lubrication in her vagina.lack of lubrication in her vagina.
Vaginismus:Vaginismus:
– Involuntary spasm of the vagina preventingInvoluntary spasm of the vagina preventing
or interfering with sexual intercourse.or interfering with sexual intercourse.
Possible causes (Masters & Johnson):Possible causes (Masters & Johnson):
– Important partner.Important partner.
– Rigid religious beliefs about sex.Rigid religious beliefs about sex.
– Sexual trauma.Sexual trauma.
14. Gender Identity DisorderGender Identity Disorder
Strong and persistent cross-genderStrong and persistent cross-gender
identification.identification.
– Desire to be the other gender.Desire to be the other gender.
Persistent discomfort with one’sPersistent discomfort with one’s
anatomical sex.anatomical sex.
Causes distress or impairment.Causes distress or impairment.
Trans-Sexualism.Trans-Sexualism.
15. Gender Identity DisorderGender Identity Disorder
Onset tends to be in childhood.Onset tends to be in childhood.
Boys:Boys:
– Tend to be called as girls.Tend to be called as girls.
– Tend to play more with “girl” toys.Tend to play more with “girl” toys.
– Often show personality problems in addition.Often show personality problems in addition.
Girls:Girls:
– May insist she has a penis.May insist she has a penis.
– Interest in “boy” play.Interest in “boy” play.
– Often labeled as boys.Often labeled as boys.
16. TreatmentTreatment
Usually involves both parent & child.Usually involves both parent & child.
Education.Education.
Behavioral Modification.Behavioral Modification.
Sex Change Operations:Sex Change Operations:
– Female to male: some positive results.Female to male: some positive results.
– Male to female: fewer positive results.Male to female: fewer positive results.
– Often remain depressed.Often remain depressed.
17. ParaphiliasParaphilias
Sexual disorders of at least 6 months.Sexual disorders of at least 6 months.
Person has acted or is distressed byPerson has acted or is distressed by
recurrent urges or fantasies.recurrent urges or fantasies.
Often co-morbid with more than oneOften co-morbid with more than one
sexual disorder.sexual disorder.
Nearly 50% had engaged in a variety ofNearly 50% had engaged in a variety of
sexually deviant behaviors.sexually deviant behaviors.
Much more prevalence in males thanMuch more prevalence in males than
females.females.
19. Non-Human ObjectsNon-Human Objects
Fetishism:Fetishism:
– Sexual attraction involving nonliving objects.Sexual attraction involving nonliving objects.
– Most common: female underwear.Most common: female underwear.
– Often used during masturbation or intercourse.Often used during masturbation or intercourse.
– Rare among women.Rare among women.
– As a group, these people are not usuallyAs a group, these people are not usually
dangerous nor do they tend to commit seriousdangerous nor do they tend to commit serious
crimes.crimes.
Transvestic Fetishism:Transvestic Fetishism:
– Sexual arousal by cross-dressing.Sexual arousal by cross-dressing.
– Not trans-sexualism.Not trans-sexualism.
– Majority are heterosexual, married & haveMajority are heterosexual, married & have
children.children.
20. Non-Consenting PersonsNon-Consenting Persons
Exhibitionism:Exhibitionism:
– Urges, acts or fantasies involvingUrges, acts or fantasies involving
exposure of genitals to strangers.exposure of genitals to strangers.
– Relatively common.Relatively common.
– Most often males in their 20s.Most often males in their 20s.
– No contact desired.No contact desired.
Frotteurism:Frotteurism:
– Involving touching or rubbing against aInvolving touching or rubbing against a
non-consenting person.non-consenting person.
– Contact is the motive.Contact is the motive.
– Often occurs in crowded public places.Often occurs in crowded public places.
21. Non-Consenting PersonsNon-Consenting Persons
Voyeurism:Voyeurism:
– Involves observing unsuspecting personInvolves observing unsuspecting person
disrobing or engaging in sexual behavior.disrobing or engaging in sexual behavior.
– 95% involve strangers.95% involve strangers.
– No contact is desired.No contact is desired.
– Arrest is predictable.Arrest is predictable.
Pedophilia:Pedophilia:
– Involving sexual contact with aInvolving sexual contact with a
prepubescent child Pedophilia.prepubescent child Pedophilia.
– The person must be at least 16 years old toThe person must be at least 16 years old to
receive the diagnosis.receive the diagnosis.
– The victim must be at least 5 years younger.The victim must be at least 5 years younger.
22. Suffering or HumiliationSuffering or Humiliation
Sadism:Sadism:
– Sexually arousing urges associated withSexually arousing urges associated with
inflicting suffering on another.inflicting suffering on another.
– Range from pretended infliction of pain toRange from pretended infliction of pain to
extremely dangerous pathological form ofextremely dangerous pathological form of
sadism involving murder.sadism involving murder.
Masochism:Masochism:
– Sexual urges associated with beingSexual urges associated with being
humiliated, bound or made to suffer.humiliated, bound or made to suffer.
– Passive role.Passive role.
– Not dangerous.Not dangerous.
