This is anatomy slide on pharynx, muscles involved their innervation ,action ,anatomical relations and clinical application of the regions of the pharnyx.

2. Group Members
• Abenezer Bogale
• Arsema Beshewa
• Bethlehem Seifu
• Fisseha Mulugeta
• Mahlet Bekalu
• Rebecca Shisema
• Ruhama Israel
Myungsung medical College-Addis Ababa

4. Structural anatomy
• It has three regions-Nasal pharynx
-Oral pharynx
-Laryngeal pharynx
• It is has both digestive and respiratory functions
• It has connection with Eustachian tube for ear air
balance
• It has both circular and longitudinal muscles

6. 1. Nasopharynx
• found between the base of skull and the soft
pallate
• continuous with nasal cavity
• Respirator function by conditioning air and
propagating it into the larynx

7. Clinical: adenoid tonsil enlargement
• posterosuperiorly has adenoid tonsils
• Caused by viral infection of URT
• Lead to chronic otitis media with effusion(glue
ear)

8. 2. oropharynx
• between the soft palate and the superior border of the
epiglottis
• Functions in voluntary and involuntary phases of
swallowing
• Contains the following structures:
: posterior 1/3rd of tongue
: lingual tonsils- lymphoid tissue at base of tongue
: palatine tonsils- lymphoid tissue in the tonsilar
fossa
: superior constrictor muscle

10. Clinical correlate
• Tonsillitis-Inflammation of the tonsils
 Symptoms
Sore throat
Fever

11. 3. laryngophaynx
• Most distal part of the pharynx
• Located between the superior border of epiglottis
and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage,
continuous inferiorly with oesophagus
• Communicate to larynx through laryngeal inlet
and piriform fossae lies lateral to it
• Contains middle and inferior pharyngeal
constrictors

12. Pharyngeal diverticulum(pouch)
• The inferior pharyngeal constrictors is divided
into 2 parts: thyropharyngeus and
cricopharyngeus, weak area in the mucosa
between the two
• If coordinated circopharyngeus relaxation after
thyropharyngeus muscle are contracted doesn’t
occur, midline diverticulum forms
• Food might accumulate here leading to
dysphasia

14. Cont..
• Circular muscle- for moving the food to the
esophagus
 superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• Longitudinal muscles-to lift it up during
swallowing
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

17. Blood supply and Lymphatics
• branches of external carotid artery:
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Branches of the facial artery
Branches of the lingual and maxillary arteries
• Venous drainage: by pharyngeal venous plexus
which drains into internal jugular vein
• Lymphatics: to the retropharyngeal LN and then
to deep cervical LN
: directly to the deep cervical LN

18. Maxillary
artery
Ascending
Phar.
Lingual
Facial

20. Is every thing clear?