biofertilizer role in veg

1. “ROLE OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN VEGETABLE
PRODUCTION”
DhananjayaRout
AdmNo-06VSC/14
Dept.of Vegetable Science

2. INTRODUCTION
Bio fertilizers are defined as preparations containing
living cells of efficient strains of micro organisms
that help crop plants uptake of nutrients by their
interactions in the rhizosphere when applied
through seed or soil.
They accelerate certain microbial processes in the
soil which augment the extent of availability of
nutrients in a form, easily assimilated by plants.

3. HISTORY
• Nobbe and Hiltner produced for the first time a
laboratory culture Rhizobia under the name Nitragi in
1885.
• Starting with Rhizobia, a vigorous search for other N
fixing micro organism began and soon it was found
that there were other non-symbiotic bacteria such as
Azotobactor, which could fix atmospheric nitrogen.
• In India, systematic research on bio fertilizer started
with the first study of N. V. Joshi in 1920.

4. NEED OF BIOFERILIZERS
• Use of chemical fertilizers leads to the pollution
and contamination of soil.
• Demand is much higher than the availability
chemical fertilizer.
• Bio fertilizers are economical, eco-friendly, more
efficient, productive and accessible to marginal
and small farmers.

5. Ill effects of chemical fertilizers
• Leaching
• Polluting water basins
• Destroying microorganisms and friendly
insects.
• Making the crop more susceptible to the
attack of root diseases.
• Reducing the soil fertility.

6. ROLE OF BIOFERTILIZERS
Bio-fertilizers add nutrients through the natural
processes of
• nitrogen fixation,
• solubilising phosphorus,
• and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis
of growth-promoting substances.
The microorganisms in bio-fertilizers restore the soil
natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter.
Bio-fertilizers provide "eco-friendly" organic agro-
input.

7. Makes availability of soil nutrients.
Make the root rhizosphere more lively.
Growth Promoting Substances are produced.
More root proliferation.
Improve quality and quantity of produce.
More biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
Improve soil health.
In here there is no Residual Effect.
Make the system more sustainable
Cont...

8. S.No. Group Example
Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizer
1. Free-living/
Associative Symbiotic
Azotobacter, Clostridium
Azospirillum
2. Symbiotic Rhizobium, Frankia, Anabaena azollae
P Solubilizing Biofertilizers
1. Fungi Penicillium sp, Aspergillus awamori
2. Bacteria Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Bacillus
subtilis
P Mobilizing Biofertilizers
1. Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.,Acaulospora sp.
2. Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria sp., Pisolithus sp., Boletus sp.
Biofertilizers for Micro nutrients
1. Silicate and Zinc solubilizers Bacillus sp.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
1. Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens
CLASSIFICATION

10. The major microorganisms used as
Bio fertilizer
• Nitrogen fixing Bio fertilizers
Rhizobium
• Soil habitat bacterium able to
colonize the legume roots
• Fixes atmospheric elemental
nitrogen symbiotically into plant
usable form.
• Fixes 50-100 kg/ha/year of
nitrogen, most useful in concern
with amount of N2 fixed.
• It is especially important for
legumes and oilseeds.
• Crops: leguminous crops

11. Azospirillium
• Proliferates under both
anaerobic and aerobic condition.
• Nitrogen fixing ability of 20-40
kg/ha.
• PGRs production (IAA), disease
resistance and drought
tolerance.
• Increase mineral & water
uptake, root development,
vegetative growth & crop yield.

12. Azotobacter
• A free living bacteria
mostly found in neutral
to alkaline soils.
• Fixes the atmospheric
nitrogen by converting
into ammonia.
• Fix biologically active
PGRs like IAA and
gibberellins.
• Crops in used:
watermelon, tomato,
chilli, okra

13. Blue green algae
• BGA also called
cyanobacteria.
• They have heterocyst and
are capable of fixing
atmospheric nitrogen.
• Genera in Indian soils are
anabaena and nostoc.
• These micro-organisms
suitable under flooded rice.
• Increase in yield 6-35%.
• BGA applied at @ 10 kg per
ha.
• About 25-30 kg N/ha could
added in rice.

14. Azolla
• A free-floating water
fern used as Bio
fertilizer for wetland
rice.
• Fixes atmospheric
nitrogen in association
with nitrogen fixing
blue green algae
Anabaena azollae.
• Known to contribute
40-60 kg N/ha per rice
crop.
AZOLLA PINNATA

15. Phosphate solubilising Bio fertilizer:
• Group of beneficial
bacteria capable of
hydrolyzing organic
and inorganic
phosphorus from
insoluble compounds.
• Pseudomonas, Bacillus
and Rhizobium are
among the most
powerful.
• Seed inoculation of
PSB- 30 kg P2O5 /ha.

16. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
 VAM fungus colonize the plant
root system and the growth and
yield of crop.
 Imparts tolerance to drought,
salinity and resistant to plant
pathogen
 Increased nutrient uptake
particularly P
,Zn,Sand other
micronutrients.
 We can save 50% Phosphatic
fertilizer without affecting the yield .

17. Silicate and Zinc solubilising Bio
fertilizer
• Microorganisms are capable of degrading
silicates and aluminium silicates.
• Bacillus sp can be used as bio-fertilizer for zinc
or aluminium silicates.
• Because these organisms solubilise the zinc
present in the soil and make it available to the
plants.

18. Plant Growth Promoting
Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
• Species of Pseudomonas and Bacillus can
produce phytohormones or growth promoters.
• They produce include indole-acetic acid,
cytokinins, gibberellins and inhibitors of
ethylene production.

19. Nitrogen
fixation
Hormone
production
Helps in
nodulation
Nutrientupt
ake
bio control
Role of
PGPR

20. Application of Bio fertilizers in
vegetables
• Seed treatment or seed inoculation
• Seedling treatment
• Cutting/Set treatment
• Soil application.

21. Seed Treatment
• About 200g of bio-fertilizers
is required to treat 10-14 kg
of seed.
• Suspend one packet of 200g
in approximately 400ml
water and mix it thoroughly.
• Pour this mixture on seeds
and mix with hands to obtain
uniform coating on each and
every seed.
• Spread the seeds in shade for
drying for 10- 15 minutes
then sow them immediately.

22. Seedling treatment
• Seedling treatment is
recommended for tomato,
chilli, onion etc.
• Prepare the suspension by
mixing 1 kg of culture in 10-15
litres of water.
• Get seedlings required for 1
acre and make small bundles
of seedlings.
• Dip the seedlings in the
suspension for 15-20 minutes.
• Transplant these immediately.
• Generally the ratio of
inoculants and water should be
1:10 approximately, i.e. 1 kg
packet in 10 litres of water.

23. Cutting/Set treatment
• Prepare a culture suspension by mixing 1 kg of
culture in 50-60 litres water.
• The cut pieces of planting material are kept
immersed in the suspension for 10-15
minutes.
• Then bring out these cut pieces and allow to
dry for sometimes before planting.
• Cut pieces method is applicable for crops like
potato.

24. Soil Application
• Prepare the mixture of
2-3 kg of bio-fertilizer
in 25-30 kg of
soil/compost.
• Broadcast the mixture
in one acre of land
either at sowing time
or 24 hr before sowing.
The application of
phosphate-solubilizers
is very common.

25. PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF BIOFERTILIZERS
• Use bio fertilizers - crop specified on the
pocket, especially Rhizobia.
• Excess culture should be used or left over put
in furrows in the field so that microorganism
live in the rhizosphere.
• Store in cool and dry place at room
temperature of 25-280C.
• While applying bio fertilizers in strongly acidic
or alkali-saline soil use soil amendments with
bio fertilizers.

26. •Use of bio fertilizers just before sowing of
the crop.
•Do not put culture in warm or hot water.
•Avoid together use of bio fertilizers .
•There should be 15-20 days gap in their
application for better nitrogen fixation.

27. Yield increase in vegetables at farmers
fields at different locations of
Maharashtra
place treatments crops Yield Increase in
yield over
untreated(%)
Control
(q/ha)
Treated(
q/ha)
Umri Nagpur Azotobacter Okra 24.8 26.0 8.3
Ambada
Narkhed
PSM Brinjal 125.0 137.5 10.0
Tivara Amravati Azotobacter Brinjal 190.0 220.0 15.8
Nagapur
Sweagram
Azotobacter Chilli
14.5 16.0 10.3
Bopapur Nagpur PSM Cauliflower 34.0 36.5 7.35
Chikhali Katol Azotobacter Cauliflower 32.5 34.5 6.2
Chicholi
Parshivani
Azotobacter Okra
23.4 25.5 8.97
Tiwari et al,2009

28. Effect of bio fertilizers in tomato
• Location –mid hills of Himachal Pradesh
• Variety-solan lalima
• Biofertilizers used-75% NPK+Azatobactor
(1 g/plant)+PSB(1g/plant)+black polythene mulch
• Application method-soil application
• Time of application-30-35 DAT
• Result-maximum growth, yield and quality
attributes. (Singh et al.,2015)

29. Effect of bio fertilizers on potato
• Variety-kufri chandramukhi
• Location-AICRP on vegetable crops,OUAT,Bhubaneswar
• Season-Rabi 2012-13,2013-14
• Bio fertilizers used –azatobactor +PSB+75% NP
• Result- Seed tuber soaking in 1% each of urea and NaHCO3
and treatment with biofertlizers, viz. Azotobacter and
phosphorus solubulizing bacteria can reduce 25% requirement
of nitrogen and phosphorus in a potato crop.
• It yield at par with full dose of nutrients and gives highest B:C
ratio of 2.03 and maximum net return of 55186 Rs/Hacter.
(Dash et al,2015)

30. Effect of bio fertilizer on bitter gourd
• Variety-Pusa Vishes
• Location-Horticultural Research station,Monduri,BCKVV.
• Researh period-May-August 2008
• Design-RBD
• Spacing-1.5m*60 cm (Row-Row)*(Hill-Hill)
• Biofertilizers applied-Azatobacter+PSB+ Nitrogen
• Dose-PSB and azatobactor @200 g for 1 kg of seed+N2
20kg/ha
• Result-Highest fruit yield of bitter gourd by 17-18 tonne.
(Prasad et al,2009)

31. Effect of bio fertilizers on French bean
• Variety- arka subhidha,arka komal.
• Season-Rabi,2006
• Location of research-Horticulture gardens college, Tirupati
• Design-RBD
• Method of application-Soil application
• Time of application -25-30 DAS
• Dose-75% RDF+VAM(Vasicular Arbucsular Mycorrizae)@2
kg/ha PSB 2.5kg/ha
• Result-Increase in plant height, no. Of branches /plant, leaf
area, dry weight, pod length, pod yield in arka subidha
followed by arka komal.
Ramana et al.,2010

32. ADVANTAGE OF BIOFERTILIZERS
• Bio fertilizers are natural products and leave no
harmful effect on soil and environment.
• These are cheap, non-bulky and required in small
dose.
• Besides their direct effect on current crops,
applications of bio fertilizers also leave residual
effect by way of increasing population of beneficial
soil micro-organisms.
• Bio fertilizers secrete plant growth hormones
favours germination and Root growth which results
in to higher absorption of nutrients from soil.

33. CONT......
• Some bio fertilizer like Azotobacter synthesizes
antifungal compounds and checks the occurrence of
plant diseases.
• Renewable source of nutrients and Sustain soil
health.
• Supplement chemical fertilizers.
• Replace 25-30% chemical fertilizers
• Decompose plant residues, and stabilize C:N ratio of
soil
• No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.
• Solubilise and mobilize nutrients.

34. CONSTRAINTS IN THE USE OF
BIOFERTILIZERS
1.Biological constraint
2.technical constraints
3.marketing constraints
4.field level constraint

36. EFFECT OF AZOTOBACTER AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON FRUIT AND SEED
YIELD OF OKRA CV. HISAR UNNAT
Treatment
Plant height
cm
No. of branches
per plant
No. of nodes
per plant
First fruit
node
No. of fruits per
plant
Fruityield
Kg/ha
T1- Ab+ No+ Po+K 119.7 1.4 17.7 3.7 14.1 14450
T2- N+ P+ K 127.8 1.5 9.4 5.3 10.1 11718
T3- Ab+ N+ P+ K 132.4 1.8 18.2 5.3 12.9 11443
T4- Ab+ No+ P+ K 139.4 1.3 16.1 5.7 10.4 15950
T5- Ab+ 1/2N+ P+K 157.2 2.2 19.6 5.3 14.3 18300
T6- Ab+ N+ 1/2P+K 153.3 2.0 19.2 6.0 13.2 16500
T7- Ab+ N+ Po+ K 133.3 1.1 20.2 6.33 13.8 14043
T8 - Ab+ 1/2N+ 1/2P+K 124.4 1.4 11.8 4.7 7.1 8325
T9- Ab+ No+ 1/2P+K 120.5 1.9 14.3 4.7 9.6 11493
T10- No+ P+ K 125.0 1.4 12.2 4.3 7.9 12360
T11- No+ 1/2P+ K 115.5 1.7 18.3 5.0 13.3 10783
T12-Control(No Po Ko) 108.5 1.7 15.5 4.3 11.2 7668
CD (0.05) 10.99 0.25 1.24 0.66 1.00 528
Bhushan et al .,(2013)

37. Treatments No.
of
frui
ts
/plant
Average
e fruit
weight(
g)
Fruit
thicken
ss (cm)
Fruit
length
(cm)
Fruit
girth
(cm)
Frui
t
yiel
d
/plan
t
(kg)
Fruit
yield
(t/ha)
Percent
age of
yield
increas
e over
control
T1(Azotobacter) 18.91 66.31 0.81 10.02 4.42 1.29 16.72 138.17
T2(Azotobacter +
20kg N/ha)
21.17 67.14 0.89 12.15 4.52 1.42 18.95 169.91
T3(PSB) 15.80 64.16 0.85 12.59 4.27 1.01 13.52 92.61
T4(PSB +20 kg
N/ha)
17.65 65.16 0.85 11.37 4.12 1.15 15.34 118.46
T5
(Azotobacter+PSB)
19.77 65.20 0.83 13.34 4.43 1.25 17.18 144.77
T6 (Azotobacter +
PSB+20 kg N/ha)
21.68 68.93 0.94 13.45 4.56 1.49 19.92 183.69
T7(20 kg N/ha) 14.71 50.49 0.76 10.20 3.88 0.74 9.91 41.12
T8(Control) 13.09 40.15 0.71 8.50 3.23 0.53 7.02
CD at 5% 1.085 2.395 0.034 0.150 0.089 0.067 8.477
Effect of bio-fertilizers and nitrogen on growth , yield and yield attributes
of bitter gourd
Singh et al (2008

38. Enhancement of seed yield and quality by using biofertilizers in
vegetable crops(knol khol)
Sl.n
o.
treatments Seed yield(kg/plot) Seed Yield(q/ha)
2008 2009 Pooled 2008 2009 Pooled
1 Recommended
dose of NPK
0.488 0.435 0.462 6.10 5.90 6.00
2 Azospirillum +
Recommended
dose of NPK
0.544 0.520 0.532 6.80 6.75 6.78
3 Azospirillum+75%
N+Recommended
dose of P & K
0.504 0.511 0.508 6.50 6.40 6.45
4 Azospirillum+50%
N+Recommended
dose of P & K
0.508 0.487 0.498 6.35 6.20 6.28
5 PSB +
Recommended
dose of NPK
0.530 0.515 0.523 6.70 6.68 6.69
6 PSB+75%P+
Recommended
dose of NPK
0.510 0.510 0.510 6.40 6.19 6.30
7 PSB + 50%P+
Recommended
0.500 0.471 0.486 6.30 6.09 6.20
AICRP, report , 2010-11. Division of
Vegetable Science, SKUAST.

39. Treatments Nutrient uptake (mg)
N P
plant curd plant curd
A0N0 137.910 55.750 62.590 13.160
A0N1 284.013 137.950 82.410 27.590
A0N2 566.743 434.253 111.597 44.673
A0N3 705.687 812.350 116.893 89.170
A0N4 929.583 1061.270 132.977 116.540
A1N0 127.320 52.910 62.180 13.170
A1N1 337.640 222.717 74.997 28.387
A1N2 968.895 1067.250 133.237 118.860
A1N3 950.897 1046.250 131.997 116.587
A1N4 947.547 1031.977 132.813 116.580
C.D. at 5% A xN 46.03 28.10 12.50 5.34
Effect of Azospinillum and Nitrogen on nutrient uptake of cauliflower cv.
Jawahar Moti
Azospirillum levels
A0 -no application
A1 -2.5 kg/ha Azospirillum
application
Nitrogen levels
N0- 0 kg/ha,
N1- 40 kg N/ha,
N2- 80 kg N/ha
Kalyani et al. (2002)
N3- 120 kg N/ha ,
N4- 160 kg N/ha,

40. POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED
• Bio fertilisers are live products and require care in
storage ,transport, application and maintaining
field condition.
• For best results use both nitrogenous and
Phosphatic bio fertilisers.
• Use of bio fertilizers is being emphasized along
with chemical fertilizers and organic manures.
This makes INTEGRATED NUTRIENT
MANAGEMENT.
• Bio fertilizers are not replacement of fertilizers
but can supplement their requirement.

41. Conclusion
Bio fertilizer have great role in increasing the
crop production.
They improve the soil health status and provide
different growth promoting hormones and
phytohormones to the plant.
Also do not leave the residual effects like that
of the chemical fertilizers.
Hence the use of Bio fertilizer could
be the proper option for sustainable
agriculture