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12. Small
farm
• Less land
• Less money
• No/less access to
information and
technologies
• Less inputs
• Less yield
Large
farm
• More land
• More money
• Access to
information and
technologies
• More inputs
• More yield

16. Manure Fertilizer
A manure is a natural substance. It is obtained by the
decomposition of animal wastes such as dung of cattle
& plant residues.
A fertilizer is a human-made substance. It is an
inorganic salt or an inorganic compound.
A manure contains small amounts of essential plant
nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
Fertilizers are very rich in plant nutrients such as
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
A manure adds a great amount of organic matter in the
form of humus in the soil.
A fertilizer does not add any humus to the soil.
Nutrients present in the manure are absorbed slowly by
the crop plants since manure is not soluble in water.
Nutrients exist locked inside the organic compounds of
humus.
Being soluble in water, a fertilizer is readily absorbed by
the crop plants.
A manure is not nutrient specific and it tends to remove
the general deficiency of the soil.
A fertilizer is nutrient specific. It can provide specifically
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the soil
according to the need.
A manure is voluminous and bulky so it is inconvenient
to store, transport, handle and apply to the crop.
A fertilizer is compact and concentrated so it is easy to
store, transport, handle and apply to the crop.
A manure is cheap and is prepared in rural homes or
fields.
A fertilizer is costly and is prepared in factories.

19. Intercropping of Maize & Flax Intercropping of Finger Millet & Sugar Cane

20. Commodities Crops Varieties
Cereals Rice
Wheat
Maize
IR 8, Jaya, Heera,VL Dhan 221, C ST 7-1, Jawahar, TRC – C
10, IR 36, Pusa Basmati 1, Kasturi, Vikas, PNR -591 – 18
MIKS 11 KML 7406, HUW 318, MACS 2496, HD 2687,
HD 2285, C 306, PBW 154, HW 157
Ganga 5, HIM128, Shakti, Navjot,Vikram
Pulses Chicken pea (gram)
Pigeon pea
Urad bean
Moong bean
BE 244, ICC 34, K 850, H 208, Pusa 240, Pant 114
ICPH 8, Pusa Ageti, UPAS 120, Pusa 84, Manak, T21
LB G 17, ADT 3,T9, Pant 430, PS 1, CO5
MLZ 67, CO4, PS 16, S8, T 44, K851, Aasha
Oil seeds Groundnut
Mustard
Soyabean
Sunflower
MH 2, ICGS 1, M 37, GG 11,TMV 12, Kaushal, ICGS 11,
ICGS 44
Pusa, Bold, Kranti, Pusa Agarni, RML 514, RH 30
PK 262, PK 327, Pusa 24, Durga, Gauav
BSH 1, MSF H 8, Modern, Arun, Paras

27. Animal
Products
Per cent (%) Nutrients
Fat Protein Sugar Minerals Water Vitamins
Milk (Cow) 3.60 4.00 4.50 0.70 87.20 B1, B2,
B12, D, E
Egg 12.0
0
13.00 * 1.00 74.00 B2, D
Meat 3.60 21.10 * 1.10 74.20 B2, B12
Fish 2.50 19.00 * 1.30 77.02 Niacin, D,
A