About Bangladesh 2022.ppt
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From this slide, you might be able to get an overview of Bangladesh. For more info contact: https://linktr.ee/abidur_rahman_abid
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About Bangladesh 2022.ppt
- 2. Abidur Rahman Abid Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University South Korea. Presented By A Brief Introduction About Bangladesh
- 3. Overview of Bangladesh History Geography Agriculture and Forestry in Bangladesh Climate of Bangladesh Biodiversity Economy Education Presentation outline Bangladesh –South Korean Relationships Religions Bangladeshi Cousins Tourist Attractions Festival of Bangladesh Documentary of Bangladesh
- 4. 1. Full Name : People's Republic of Bangladesh 2. President : Md. Abdul Hamid 3. Prime Minister : Sheikh Hasina 4. Capital : Dhaka 5. Currency : Taka (৳) (BDT) 6. GDP/ capita : 400.00 USD Billion(2022), Per capita 2,591 USD 7. Time zone : GMT +6 8. Area : Total147,570 km2 9. Population : 166.30 million (8th populous) 10. Ethnic groups : 98% Bengali+2%others 11. Language : Bengali + English 12. Population Growth Rate: 1.59% 13. National Anthem: Amar Sonar Bangla…. (By Rabindranath Tagore) Short overview of Bangladesh
- 5. History of Bangladesh • The Muslim conquest of Bengal by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, 12th century . • Art & literature flourished during the Muslim period Muslims in Bangla European in Bangla • From the 15th century many European like Portuguese, France, Dutch, British entry in Bangla. • Trade and economics flourished after their arrival. The Mughal Period • The Mughals conquered Bengal in 1576 & it became under the control of Delhi.
- 6. • During Mughal a local village of Calcutta sold to the British and this as the first foothold of the British. • The British started to dream an empire in Bengal and this ultimately led to battles with the Mughals. • After a decisive victory at the Battle of Paulashy over the Nawab of Bengal in1757 the British East India Company established rule in Indian subcontinent. • The British managed to control Bengal for nearly 200 years. History of Bangladesh The British Period
- 7. Partition of British India • After World War II British were pressured to reduce size of their empire • Lord Mountbatten and Mahatma Gandhi worked together to combine Hindus and Muslims • They were unsuccessful. • In July 1947 United Kingdom declared two separate states Pakistan and India. • Pakistan was the Muslim state and India became the Hindu state. History of Bangladesh
- 8. • East and west Pakistan was separated by 1600 km of Indian land. • Urdu was spoken in the west and Bangla was spoken in the east. East Pakistan West Pakistan Pakistan
- 9. • As the capital was located in West Pakistan , the East Pakistan was unfairly ruled. Independent war of Bangladesh Reason behind Call for independence • Very little was spent on the development of East Pakistan • Finally after several years of political unrest the first election of Pakistan in 7 December 1970 was called. • Awami League, the political party won all the seats in East Pakistan. • On 7 March 1971 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, made his historic freedom speech, which called for the revolution for freedom and liberation. • West Pakistan opened talks with East Pakistan over division of power and the President of Pakistan refused to let Awami League form government.
- 10. Independent war of Bangladesh • On 25 March 1971 the Pakistan army launched "Operation Searchlight" which killed thousands of unarmed Bangladeshis. • This led to the formation of Mukti Bahini which fought for independence. • Many battles took place in different parts of East Pakistan. • Over nine months of bloodiest war an estimated 3 millions Bangladeshis were killed. • Women and children were tortured and murdered. • Two days before independence the Pakistan army captured many physicians, professors, writers and engineers in Dhaka, and murdered them, leaving the dead bodies in a mass grave. Finally in 16 December 1971 the Pakistan army signed the "Instrument of Surrender" and Bangladesh officially came into existence as the 139th county in the world.
- 12. • Bangladesh's climate is tropical, with a mild winter from October to March and a hot, humid summer from March to June. A warm and humid monsoon season lasts from June to October and supplies most of the country's rainfall. Climate • It is estimated that by 2050, a 3 feet rise in sea levels will inundate some 20 percent of the land and displace more than 30 million people. • Bangladesh is recognized to be one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. • Over the course of a century, 508 cyclones have affected the Bay of Bengal region. The cyclones of 1970, 1991 , 2009 were particularly devastating, the latter killing some 140,000 people.
- 13. Agriculture Bangladesh among world’s top 10 in 10 Agricultural sectors • Third in vegetables • Sixth in potatoes • Second in jackfruit • Eighth in mangoes • Eighth in guava • First in jute export, second in production • Second in goats’ milk • 3rd in Freshwater fish • Fourth in rice production • First in hilsa
- 14. Forest of Bangladesh • Contributes 2% of total GDP. • Bangladesh has 17.5 % forest of total land area. • Bangladesh total forest area is 2.53 million hectares. Bangladesh Forest Department manages 1.53 million hectares . • Primary imports of logs and sawn timbers are from countries like United States, Canada, Australia, Myanmar, Singapore and Malaysia. • The main ecological zones of Bangladesh are tropical moist deciduous forest at the central, tropical rainforest in the hills and mangroves along the coastal frontier. Along the north-eastern basin there are patches of freshwater swamp forests.
- 16. 1. Tropical evergreen/Semi evergreen forest (Hill Forest): Forest Types Forest of Bangladesh • Major tree species: Garjan (Dipterocarpus sp.), Telsur (Hopea odorata), Chapalish (Artocarpus chaplasha), Chundul (Tetrameles nudiflora), Koroi (Albizia sp.) etc. • Some grows gigantic (more than 60 m). • Some shed their leave in winter, some in summer, hence the forest always appear evergreen. • Divided into three categories based on management system: Reserved forest (24%), Protected (1%) and unclassified (75%). • Chittagong Hill Tracts cover nearly 47% of total forest of the country. • Found in Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts and Sylhet. • Ratargul Swamp Forest is the only swamp forest located in Bangladesh and one of the few freshwater swamp forests in the world.
- 17. 3. Tidal Mangrove Forest (Sundarbans): • Located at the southwestern part of Bangladesh; Satkhira, Khulna. • 64% in Bangladesh, 36% in India. • Largest Mangrove forest in the world. Area: 5, 77,285 hector. • 4, 01,600 ha are on land and remaining is in underwater. • Fresh Water:28% Saline Zone:26% Moderately Saline: 56% • Another small mangrove is located at Chakaria, Cox's Bazar. • 800,000 people rely on Sundarbans for livelihood from- wood, fisheries, honey etc. • Rich in biodiversity. About 425 species found there. Forest of Bangladesh 2. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest (Sal Forest): • Concentrated into greater Dhaka, Mymensingh and Tangail districts. • Mostly occupied (about 90%) by Sal (Shorea robusta). Other trees are Cassia fistula (Bandarlathi), Albizia procera (Koroi), Dillenia pentagyna (Bon chalta), Butea monosperma (Palash), Terminalia sp., Bombax ceiba (Shimul), Banyan, Amlaki, Sonalu, Chambal, Hartaki, Mango, Jackfruit, Litchi, Pineapple, Grape etc. etc. 70% of Sal forests have been abolished due to settlement. • Sal is a slow growing tree but cops up quickly after getting cut down. • Sundari (Heritera fomes)is the most dominant (70%) species from which the name “Sundarbans” is derived.
- 18. • Bangladesh is in the Indomalayan realm, and lies within four terrestrial ecoregions Biodiversity • Its ecology includes a long sea coastline, numerous rivers and tributaries, lakes, wetlands, forests and flat land with tall grass. • The country has up to 6000 species of plant life, including 5000 flowering plants. 708 Fish species, 628 species of birds. • The Bangladesh Plain is famous for its fertile alluvial soil which supports extensive cultivation. The country is dominated by lush homestead forest/vegetation, with villages often buried in groves of vegetables, mango, jackfruit, bamboo, betel nut, coconut and date palm.
- 19. . • Tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh. • Ilish/Hilsha is the national fish of Bangladesh. • Mango is the national tree. • National birds is magpie robin. • Wildlife of Bangladesh
- 20. • literacy rate of 74.7% percent as of 2019: 77.4% for males and 71.9% for females. • The education system is divided into five levels: primary (first to fifth grade), junior secondary (sixth to eighth grade), secondary (ninth and tenth grade), higher secondary (11th and 12th grade), and tertiary. Bangladeshi government funds over 45 state universities at tertiary level. • Medical education is provided by 29 government and private medical colleges. All medical colleges are affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Education in Bangladesh
- 21. Economy • Bangladesh's textile and ready-made garment industries are the country's largest manufacturing sector, is the second-largest exporter in world. • GDP per capita :$2,591 (nominal, 2021) $6,380 (PPP, 2021 est.) • It is the 33rd largest in the world in nominal terms, and 29th largest by purchasing power parity. • which ranks second in South Asia after India. It is classified among the Next Eleven emerging market middle income economies and a frontier market. • In the first quarter of 2019, Bangladesh's was the world's seventh fastest- growing economy with a rate of 8.3% real GDP annual growth • Eighth in remittance
- 22. Economy • Industries: jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tea, salt, sugar, edible oils,... • Export Partners: US 13.9%, Germany 12.9%, UK 8.9%, France 5%, Spain 4.7% • Import Partners: China 22.4%, India 14.1%, Singapore 5.2%
- 23. Bangladesh–South Korea relations Relation Diplomatic Relationship 1973- Till now • More than 150 Korean companies are present in Bangladesh • Bangladesh and the Republic of Korea (ROK) have enjoyed friendly relations since the establishment of diplomatic relationship on 18 December 1973. • The ROK established its diplomatic mission on 01 March 1975. Bangladesh opened its resident diplomatic mission in Seoul on February 16, 1987
- 24. Cooperation in Education Sector At present, approximately 1,000 Bangladeshi students are studying in different universities all over Korea at different levels. The cooperation in the field of education is in line with the Cultural Agreement 1979. Bangladesh–South Korea relations Relation Bangladesh Community in the Republic of Korea Currently, there are more than 19,000 Bangladesh living in ROK and among them, over 12,000 are EPS workers. Almost 1,000 Bangladesh students are pursuing their masters, Ph.D. and post-doctorate degree in different universities. Others include professionals and businesspeople.
- 26. Religions of Bangladesh Islam (90.4%) Hinduism (8.5%) Buddhism (0.6%) Christianity (0.4%)
- 28. Heroes of Bangladesh Rabindranath Tagore Kazi Nazrul Islam Fazle Hasan Abed M. Unus Zainul Abadin Shakib Al-Hasan Bibi Rasel Zaved Karim Salman Khan sheikh hasina
- 30. Kacchi Biryani Grilled Chicken With Naan Roti Seekh Kebab Kala Bhuna Bangladeshi Cousins
- 31. Bengali Mutton Curry Bengali Fish Curry Shorshe Ilish Chingri Malai Curry (Prawn Curry) Morog Polao
- 32. Rasgulla Rasgulla Mishti Doi (Yoghurt) Ras Malai Jilapi Falooda Bangladeshi winter Cake
- 34. Sundarbans mangrove forest Chittagong Hill Tracks Srimagal Rangamati
- 35. Paharpur/Somapura Buddhist Vihar Lalbag Fort Ahsan Manzil Sajek Valley
- 36. Bisanakandi Ratatgul Swamp Forest Sitakundu Nijhum Island
- 37. Saat Gambuj Mosque Kuakata Sea Beach Sonargaon Cox’s Bazar St. Martin Island
- 38. • Bangladesh is the land of festivity. Festivals have always played a significant role in the life of the people of Bangladesh. Festivals and celebrations are an integral part of the culture of Bengali people. Festivals of Bangladesh • These festivals include traditional, cultural, religious and political. It is said that Bangladesh have Baro Mashe Tero Parbon (Thirteen festivals in twelve months). Following are the major festivals of Bangladesh…
- 40. Cultural & Traditional Festivals
- 41. Cultural & Traditional Festivals
- 42. Art Festivals
- 43. National Fairs
- 44. Bangladesh : land of stories
- 45. You all are invited to take our Hospitality Thank you (ধন্যবাদ)
Notas del editor
- . Bengali is the national language in Bangladesh and second most spoken language in India. With about 250 million native and about 300 million total speakers worldwide, it is the seventh most spoken language in the world by total number of native speakers.
- •Protests continued and martial law was imposed. The students of Dhaka University and other political activists arranged a provincial protest on 21st February 1952. To discourage the strike, the Government invoked curfew. Several students and other people who participated in the protest were shot by the police mercilessly and then killed. At the initiative of Bangladesh government in 17th November 1999 the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted 21st February as the International Mother Language Day. For the first time, UNESCO observed 21st February, 2000 as the International Mother Language Day.
- This supreme sacrifice has eventually led to the recognition of preservation of mother languages worldwide.
- Geography Bangladesh is a small, lush country in South Asia, located on the Bay of Bengal. It is surrounded almost entirely by neighboring India—and shares a small border with Myanmar to its southeast, though it lies very close to Nepal, Bhutan, and China. . Most of the country is dominated by the fertile Ganges Delta, the largest river delta in the world Bangladesh is called the "Land of Rivers";] as it is home to over 57 trans-boundary rivers. However, this resolves water issues politically complicated, in most cases, as the country is a lower riparian state to India. Bangladesh is predominantly rich fertile flat land. Most of it is less than 12 m (39 ft) above sea level, and it is estimated that about 10% of its land would be flooded if the sea level were to rise by 1 m (3.3 ft). 17% of the country is covered by forests and 12% is covered by hill systems. The country's haor wetlands are of significance to global environmental science.
- The country has never recorded an air temperature below 0 °C (32 °F), with a record low of 1.1 °C (34.0 °F) in the northwest city of Dinajpur on 3 February 1905. climate changes, each seriously affecting agriculture, water and food security, human health, and shelter.
- Being situated in one of the most fertile regions on Earth, agriculture plays a crucial role, with the principal cash crops including rice, jute, tea, wheat, cotton, and sugarcane. Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. Around 45% of the people in Bangladesh directly related to agriculture.
- Bangladesh is home to much of the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest, covering an area of 6,000 km2 in the southwest littoral region. The forest is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sundri (Heritiera fomes), Keora (Sonneratia spp.), Baen (Avicinnia alba), Gewa (Excocearia agallocha), Goran (Ceriops decandra), Golpata (Nypa fruticans), Hetal (Phoenix paludosa), Hargoza (Acanthus ilicifolius), Bhola (Hibiscus tiliaceous) etc.
- Ganges Delta, the world's largest delta, in the south Asia area of Bangladesh (visible) and India Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests, Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests, and Sundarbans mangroves. includes about 1,600 species of vertebrate fauna and about 1,000 species of invertebrate fauna Climate change in Bangladesh could adversely affect forest ecosystems, biodiversity and even mitigation potential of forests. Thus, Bangladesh must address the challenge of climate change, vulnerability to extreme climate risks and depleting forest resources and carbon sink.
- The country has a market-based mixed economy. A developing nation, Bangladesh is one of the Next Eleven emerging markets. Shipbuilding and ship breaking Shipbuilding is a growing industry in Bangladesh with great potentials. The potentials of shipbuilding in Bangladesh have made the country to be compared with countries like China, Japan and South Korea. Experts suggest that Bangladesh could emerge as a major competitor in the global market of small to medium ocean-going vessels. Bangladesh also has the world's largest ship breaking industry which employs over 200,000 Bangladeshis and accounts for half of all the steel in Bangladesh. Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard is world's second-largest ship breaking area. Foreign Remittances Remittances from the Bangladeshi Diaspora provide vital foreign exchange. Remittance has become a major contributor to the Bangladeshi economy. As the emigrant workers from Bangladesh gradually increased over the years, the amount of annual remittance to the country significantly rose. According to World Bank, Bangladesh is now one of the largest recipients of remittance with almost $14.5 billion as of June 2013. several NGOs in Bangladesh including BRAC (the world's largest NGO), and Grameen Bank, focused on rural development and poverty alleviation in the country. Muhammad Yunus successfully pioneered microfinance as a sustainable tool for poverty alleviation and others followed suit. As of 2015, the country had over 35 million microcredit borrowers.[328] In recognition of their tangible contribution to poverty alleviation, Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. Bangladesh is the seventh-largest natural gas producer in Asia, ahead of neighboring Myanmar, and 56 percent of the country's electricity is generated by natural gas . Jute exports remain significant, although the global jute trade has shrunk considerably since its World War II peak. Bangladesh has one of the world's oldest tea industries and is a major exporter of fish and seafood.
- The country has a market-based mixed economy. A developing nation, Bangladesh is one of the Next Eleven emerging markets. Shipbuilding and ship breaking Shipbuilding is a growing industry in Bangladesh with great potentials. The potentials of shipbuilding in Bangladesh have made the country to be compared with countries like China, Japan and South Korea. Experts suggest that Bangladesh could emerge as a major competitor in the global market of small to medium ocean-going vessels. Bangladesh also has the world's largest ship breaking industry which employs over 200,000 Bangladeshis and accounts for half of all the steel in Bangladesh. Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard is world's second-largest ship breaking area. Foreign Remittances Remittances from the Bangladeshi Diaspora provide vital foreign exchange. Remittance has become a major contributor to the Bangladeshi economy. As the emigrant workers from Bangladesh gradually increased over the years, the amount of annual remittance to the country significantly rose. According to World Bank, Bangladesh is now one of the largest recipients of remittance with almost $14.5 billion as of June 2013. several NGOs in Bangladesh including BRAC (the world's largest NGO), and Grameen Bank, focused on rural development and poverty alleviation in the country. Muhammad Yunus successfully pioneered microfinance as a sustainable tool for poverty alleviation and others followed suit. As of 2015, the country had over 35 million microcredit borrowers.[328] In recognition of their tangible contribution to poverty alleviation, Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. Bangladesh is the seventh-largest natural gas producer in Asia, ahead of neighboring Myanmar, and 56 percent of the country's electricity is generated by natural gas . Jute exports remain significant, although the global jute trade has shrunk considerably since its World War II peak. Bangladesh has one of the world's oldest tea industries and is a major exporter of fish and seafood. The pharmaceutical industry meets 97 percent of domestic demand, and exports to many countries Shipbuilding has grown rapidly, with exports to Europe. Steel is concentrated in the port city of Chittagong, and the ceramics industry is prominent in international trade.
- Bangladesh has a humid, warm climate influenced by pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon circulations and frequently experiences heavy precipitation and tropical cyclones. Bangladesh's historical climate has experienced average temperatures around 26⁰C, but range between 15⁰C and 34⁰C throughout the year.
- “From the world's longest beach to its largest mangrove forest, and from lush tea estates to Bengal tiger territory, there is plenty for tourists to discover in Bangladesh”
- The name “Sundarban” can be literally translated as "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language. It is one of the largest mangrove forests in the world lies on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. Home of Royal Bengal Tiger (Panther). Sundarbans consist of - mangrove scrub, littoral forest, saltwater mixed forest, brackish water mixed forest, swamp forest, intertidal mudflats, sand flats, sand dunes with typical dune vegetation, open grassland on sandy soils and raised areas supporting a variety of terrestrial shrubs and trees. It has a unique ecosystem and a rich wildlife habitat. Land of various flora and fauna. It’s the land of “two leaves and a bud” that means land of “Tea Gardens”. Sylhet is the land of Shrine’s, natural Hills, forests, beautiful tree plantations and lots of Haors. For miles and miles around, there are teagardens spread like a green carpet over the plain land or on the sloping hills. It is the third largest tea gardens in the world in both area and production. Srimangal, which is known as the tea capital of Bangladesh, is the actual tea center of the area There are also Jaflong hill forests, Madhobkundo water falls, Shrine of Saint Shahajalal, Lawachara Rain forest etc. in Sylhet. Sylhet is totally a land of natural beauties and vast tourist attractions.
- Cox's Bazar is the longest natural sea beach in the world, and a popular Bangladeshi tourist spot. For the beach lovers it is the most convenient spot to visit with wonderful sandy beaches. It is the town and port of fishing. It provides easy access to Chittagong hill tracts. Every year thousands of people come here to visit this amazing place. There are also so many larger hotels for tourists.
- Bangladeshi people are keen on incorporating traditions into their daily lives and Bangladesh holidays are a reflection of the unique customs and beautiful mix of culture. Most of the indigenous traditions that center around agricultural practices have been well preserved throughout history, including the festival of the new harvest (Nabonno) and the jovial and colorful celebration of New Year, locally known as Pawhela Boishakh. Ekushey Celebrated on the 21st day of February every year, Ekushey is known as the National Mother Language Day, which marks the anniversary of the martyrdom of those who died while protesting the imposition of Urdu as the national language of East and West Pakistan. Political leaders, writers, intellectuals, poets, artisans and singers offer tributes to those that suffered. Independence Day March 16th celebrates the proclamation of Bangladesh’s independence, and each year, numerous events are held to commemorate the historic date. Victory Day Victory Day remembers the day the Pakistani army surrendered to the joint Bangladeshi and Indian Forces which is celebrated December 16.
- Eid-ul-Fitr The date of Eid-ul-Fitr varies each year based on the Muslim calendar. A feast that marks the completion of the holy month of Ramadan (the month of fasting), this is the largest festival celebrated annually in Bangladesh, followed by Eid-ul-Azha. Durga Puja Bangladeshis are predominantly Muslim, but some are devoted to other faiths, such as Hinduism. Durga Puja is the biggest festival of the Hindu community. Different rituals are observed, including the immersion of an idol of Durga into the river. Events are held at the Dhakeswari Temple and last for 10 days.
- Christmas Christmas is celebrated by the Christian community in Bangladesh. On the eve of December 25th, congregational prayers are held in various churches, particularly in Tejgaon. Pawhela Boishakh Of all the secular national festivities in Bangladesh, New Year’s Day is the most celebrated. The Pawhela Boishakh festival is marked by a wide variety of cultural shows (Boishakhi Mela) and other programs. Everyone eats sweets and dresses up in kurtas or saris, wishing everyone a joyous new beginning.