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Lesson 6


 Grammar Notes




Basic Motion Verbs
Destinations




          くうこう                       えき
         kuukou                      eki
 (pronounce as kuukoo )

      H
    NC
 BRA




ししゃ                 こうえん             ともだちの うち
shisha               kouen           tomodachi no uchi
             (pronounce as kooen )
Verb Conjugations

               PRESENT FORM                                    PAST FORM

            aff.                  neg.               aff.                neg.

   go     いきます              いきません              いきました               いきませんでした
            ikimasu              ikimasen         ikimashita        ikimasendeshita


 come      きます                きません               きました              きませんでした
            kimasu               kimasen          kimashita         kimasendeshita

 return
        かえります かえりません かえりました かえりませんでした
go home  kaerimasu kaerimasen kaerimashita kaerimasendeshita




        person は place に verb 。
                            wa                        ni


           ex. スミスさん は ぎんこう に いきます。
                      s u m i s u-s a n wa gi n ko u ni iki masu

             Mr. Smith goes (will go) to the bank.
Time expressions
                   LAST                 THIS                NEXT

  DAY              きのう                 きょう                  あした
                     kinou                kyou                ashita


 WEEK           せんしゅう               こんしゅう                らいしゅう
                    senshuu             konshuu              raishuu


 MONTH           せんげつ                 こんげつ                らいげつ
                   sengetsu             kongetu              raigetsu


  YEAR           きょねん                  ことし                らいねん
                    kyonen               kotoshi             rainen



person    は    Time expressions                    place に verb 。
          wa                                                ni

ex. スミスさんは せんしゅう ホンコンに いきました。
    s um i su - s a n w a s e ns h uu h o nko n ni iki mas hi ta

         Mr. Smith went to Hong Kong last week.
Telling Companions
If there is(are) a companion(s), a particle と comes right after
                                             to
the companion(s), and companion(s) + と comes before the
                                            to
destination of a sentence usually.

person は      Time expressions           companion と               place に       verb 。
         wa                                                to               ni     ka

      ex. わたしは あした ともだちと きょうとに いきます。
          w a ta s h i wa a s hi t a t o m od ac hi t o ky outo ni i kimasu
              I will go to Kyoto with a friend tomorrow.
However, if you want to emphasize that you make an action
alone, you use ひとり+で (by oneself = alone) instead of
                 h it o r i d e
 companion(s) + と .
                    to

      ex. わたしは あした ひとりで きょうとに いきます。
              wa ta s hi w a as h i t a h i t o ri d e ky o ut o ni i ki masu

              I will go to Kyoto tomorrow by myself.
Question Sentences
Asking a simple yes or no question, you just add か at the end
of a sentence.


person は       Time expressions             companion と place に verb か。
        wa                                            to             ni           ka

ex. Q : スミスさんは せんしゅう ともだちと ホンコンに いきましたか。
        su mi s u -s a n wa s e n s h uu t o m o d ac h i t o ho nkon ni ikimashitaka

        Did Mr. Smith go to Hong Kong with friends last week?

   A : はい、いきました。
        ha i    i ki ma s h i t a
        Yes, he did.
             or
       いいえ、いきませんでした。
          iie     i k i ma s e n d es h i t a
        No, he didn t.
However, you may need to ask more details such as when ,
where , and with whom .



person は
        wa
                      ?
              Time expressions         companion と place に verb か。
                                                           to               ni          ka
                when→いつ
                              itsu



 Q : スミスさんは いつ ともだちと ホンコンに いきましたか。
     s um i su - s a n w a i t s u t o m o d ac h i t o h o nko n ni i kima shi tak a

     When did Mr. Smith go to Hong Kong with friends?


 A : せんしゅう いきました。
      se ns h uu i k i m as h i t a

    He went (to Hong Kong with friends) last week.
person は
       wa
             Time expressions
                                                     to
                                                             ?
                                     companion と place に verb か。
                                                                                   ka
                                                   to where→どこに
                                                                    dok oni



 Q : スミスさんは せんしゅう ともだちと どこに いきましたか。
     su mi s u- s an w a s e ns h u u t o m o d ac h i t o doko ni i kimashitaka


    Where did Mr. Smith go with friends last week?


 A : ホンコンに いきました。
    h onk on ni i k i ma s h i t a

   He went to Hong Kong with friends last week).
person は
       wa
             Time expressions
                                            ?
                                         companion と place に verb か。
                                                                   ni           ka
                                  with whom→だれと
                                                  d ar e to



Q : スミスさんは せんしゅう だれと ホンコンに いきましたか。
        su mi s u- s an w a s e ns h u u d ar e t o h o nkon ni iki mashitaka


    With whom Mr. Smith went to Hong Kong last week?


A : ともだちと いきました。
    tomo d a ch i to i ki m as h i t a


    He went (to Hong Kong) with friends (last week).
Expression Note
                        listener                  listener
                                                                わたしは
                                                               watashi wa
                                                                いきます。
                                                                .ikimasu




                   English




                                                         Japanese


When you move to a place where the listener is, you say "I'm coming." in English.
However in the same situation, わたしは いきます is used in Japanese.
                                   watashi wa ikimasu

 きます is a movement toward the place where the speaker is.
 kimasu

 いきます is a movement in a direction away from the speaker.
 ikimasu

*Please pay attention to this expression note when you try Exercise 9 on
the textbook.

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JBP-1/L6, Basic Motion Verbs grammar 2

  • 1. Lesson 6 Grammar Notes Basic Motion Verbs
  • 2. Destinations くうこう えき kuukou eki (pronounce as kuukoo ) H NC BRA ししゃ こうえん ともだちの うち shisha kouen tomodachi no uchi (pronounce as kooen )
  • 3. Verb Conjugations PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. go いきます いきません いきました いきませんでした ikimasu ikimasen ikimashita ikimasendeshita come きます きません きました きませんでした kimasu kimasen kimashita kimasendeshita return かえります かえりません かえりました かえりませんでした go home kaerimasu kaerimasen kaerimashita kaerimasendeshita person は place に verb 。 wa ni ex. スミスさん は ぎんこう に いきます。 s u m i s u-s a n wa gi n ko u ni iki masu Mr. Smith goes (will go) to the bank.
  • 4. Time expressions LAST THIS NEXT DAY きのう きょう あした kinou kyou ashita WEEK せんしゅう こんしゅう らいしゅう senshuu konshuu raishuu MONTH せんげつ こんげつ らいげつ sengetsu kongetu raigetsu YEAR きょねん ことし らいねん kyonen kotoshi rainen person は Time expressions place に verb 。 wa ni ex. スミスさんは せんしゅう ホンコンに いきました。 s um i su - s a n w a s e ns h uu h o nko n ni iki mas hi ta Mr. Smith went to Hong Kong last week.
  • 5. Telling Companions If there is(are) a companion(s), a particle と comes right after to the companion(s), and companion(s) + と comes before the to destination of a sentence usually. person は Time expressions companion と place に verb 。 wa to ni ka ex. わたしは あした ともだちと きょうとに いきます。 w a ta s h i wa a s hi t a t o m od ac hi t o ky outo ni i kimasu I will go to Kyoto with a friend tomorrow. However, if you want to emphasize that you make an action alone, you use ひとり+で (by oneself = alone) instead of h it o r i d e companion(s) + と . to ex. わたしは あした ひとりで きょうとに いきます。 wa ta s hi w a as h i t a h i t o ri d e ky o ut o ni i ki masu I will go to Kyoto tomorrow by myself.
  • 6. Question Sentences Asking a simple yes or no question, you just add か at the end of a sentence. person は Time expressions companion と place に verb か。 wa to ni ka ex. Q : スミスさんは せんしゅう ともだちと ホンコンに いきましたか。 su mi s u -s a n wa s e n s h uu t o m o d ac h i t o ho nkon ni ikimashitaka Did Mr. Smith go to Hong Kong with friends last week? A : はい、いきました。 ha i i ki ma s h i t a Yes, he did. or いいえ、いきませんでした。 iie i k i ma s e n d es h i t a No, he didn t.
  • 7. However, you may need to ask more details such as when , where , and with whom . person は wa ? Time expressions companion と place に verb か。 to ni ka when→いつ itsu Q : スミスさんは いつ ともだちと ホンコンに いきましたか。 s um i su - s a n w a i t s u t o m o d ac h i t o h o nko n ni i kima shi tak a When did Mr. Smith go to Hong Kong with friends? A : せんしゅう いきました。 se ns h uu i k i m as h i t a He went (to Hong Kong with friends) last week.
  • 8. person は wa Time expressions to ? companion と place に verb か。 ka to where→どこに dok oni Q : スミスさんは せんしゅう ともだちと どこに いきましたか。 su mi s u- s an w a s e ns h u u t o m o d ac h i t o doko ni i kimashitaka Where did Mr. Smith go with friends last week? A : ホンコンに いきました。 h onk on ni i k i ma s h i t a He went to Hong Kong with friends last week).
  • 9. person は wa Time expressions ? companion と place に verb か。 ni ka with whom→だれと d ar e to Q : スミスさんは せんしゅう だれと ホンコンに いきましたか。 su mi s u- s an w a s e ns h u u d ar e t o h o nkon ni iki mashitaka With whom Mr. Smith went to Hong Kong last week? A : ともだちと いきました。 tomo d a ch i to i ki m as h i t a He went (to Hong Kong) with friends (last week).
  • 10. Expression Note listener listener わたしは watashi wa いきます。 .ikimasu English Japanese When you move to a place where the listener is, you say "I'm coming." in English. However in the same situation, わたしは いきます is used in Japanese. watashi wa ikimasu きます is a movement toward the place where the speaker is. kimasu いきます is a movement in a direction away from the speaker. ikimasu *Please pay attention to this expression note when you try Exercise 9 on the textbook.