computer skills

2. SUPER COMPUTER &
MAINFRAME COMPUTER
Presented By:
o Muhammad Kashif Nazir
o Shayan Shakeel
Submitted To:
Sir NisarAhmed

3. COMPUTER
An electronic device for
storing and processing
data, typically in binary
form, according to
instructions given to it
in a variable program.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
BASED ON TYPES
Analog
Computer
Digital
Computer
Hybrid
Computer
BASED ON PURPOSE
Special-Purpose
Computer
General-Purpose
Computer
BASED ON SIZE
Micro
Computer
Mini
Computer
Mainframe
Computer
Super
Computer

5. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
 High performance computer

6. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
 Amainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big
iron.
 Mainframe are high-performance computers with large amounts of
memory and processors.
 That process billions of simple calculations and transactions in
real time.
 The mainframe is critical to commercial databases, transaction
servers, and applications that require high resiliency and security.
 Amainframe computer is smaller than a supercomputer

7. EXAMPLES OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
 IBM Z-series
 BIM 1401
 System z10 servers
 HP mainframe

8. HISTORY OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
 Mainframe computers were developed in early 1940s. It is
very large, powerful and expensive computer.
 In 1950s, mainframe computers were physically the largest
computers; few businesses could afford them.
 In 1960s, with standardized mainframe customers could write
business applications that don’t need specialized hardware of
software.
 In 1964, the introduction of the IBM System/360 (S/360TM)
signalled the start of the 3G; first general purpose computer.

9.  1940s, Mainframe computer  1960s, Mainframe computer
 1964s mainframe computer
IBM system /360

10. FEATURES OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
 Mainframe computer allows to process huge amount of data
simultaneously without getting any malicious attacks.
 Mainframe computers are more popular due to their long life
performance.
 It can run smoothly up to 50 years after its proper installation.
 Mainframe application programs get outstanding performance
due to their large scaled memory management.
 Mainframe computer systems are capable to share their over
workload on the other multiple processors and I/O terminals,
and due to this process enhances its performance.
 The processing speed of mainframe computers can range
from as low as 3-4 MIPS to as high as 100 MIPS or more.

11. FEATURES OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
 Mainframe systems have ability to manage different
complicated operating systems such as UNIX, VMS, and other
IBM O/S like as Z/OS, Z/VM.
 Mainframe systems have less probability in getting any errors.
 If any time, some errors tries to enter in the system then they
are able to remove them.
 In mainframe system, virtual storage system can be used.
 It can generate I/O bandwidth in large amount.
 It supports to Zero fault tolerant computing system.
 It is capable to manage several users.

12. SIZE OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
 Mainframe computers have the size of a refrigerator.
 Before 2000, these computers were big in size covering the
whole room.
 But now these computers have decreased in size and improve in
performance.
 It occupies very largely with an approximate area of 1000 sq.ft.
 It supports a large number of I/O terminals, more than 100
terminals.

13. ALLPICATIONS OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
Mainframe computer is used in several different areas, explain below each
one.
EDUCATION SECTOR:
 Mainframe helps to store and maintain all information in education sector
related to their employees and students.
DEFENSE SECTOR:
 In Defense area, mainframe computer system is used to pass massive
information in different areas.
WEATHER CONDITION:
 Mainframe system helps to provide weather condition, trace accurate data
to target location, and use the GPS for doing preparation to attack.
RETAILINDUSTRY:
 Some large retail companies have massive customer base, so mainframe
computer system is best option for monitoring their inventory with accurate
level.
 It is able to execute of massive transaction (billions) in short duration.

14. OTHER
APPLICAT
IONS
E-
Business
Banking
Sector
Stock
exchange
Research
Center
Tele-
communic
ation
Ticket
reservation
in railway
and airlines
Credit card
Verification
Insurance
Sector
Finance
Sector

15. ADVANTAGES OF MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
High-end scalability:
 They are scalable in the sense that more hardware i.e.
processors and memory can be added if needed.
 In a mainframe computer, more than 600 processors are
directly managed by the operating system.
Security:
 The security of these computers is very high. In banks, these
computers are used for managing online transactions,
processing credit, and debit cards.
Long-lasting performance:
 These computers have a minimum time limit of 10 years. So
they can perform well for 10 years and after that period
companies can upgrade the mainframe computer or replace it.

16. Huge memory storage:
 Due to a high number of processors these computers have
huge memory that can store and process large amounts of data
at a time.
Virtualization:
 These systems have a logical partition which can help the
mainframe to overcome memory limitation.
Can run multiple OS:
 In a mainframe computer, more than one operating system can
be run at a time to boost the performance of the system.
Real-time monitoring and control:
 If any fault comes in the system then the administrator of the
system is notified instantly.
 Suppose there is hardware failure then that hardware should be
replaced to resume the work.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF
MAINFRAME COMPUTER
High cost:
 These computers have a very high price and they cannot be
used in homes.
 Mainframes are only used by big organizations, banks, large
websites, and government agencies.
Hardware/software is expensive:
 These computers have custom software and hardware that are
expensive for the normal user.
Alot of space required:
 Mainframe computers need a large space and also the
temperature of the place should not be hot.

18. High technical staff:
 For maintaining the mainframe computer specialized staff is
needed.
Command drove interface:
 The terminal connected to the mainframe computer has the
text and a command-based interface that is difficult to
understand.
Hardware crash:
 If any hardware crashed then the whole system stops working

19. SUPER COMPUTER
 Most powerful computer

20. SUPER COMPUTER
Asupercomputer is a
computer with great
speed and memory.
This kind of computers
are thousands of times
faster than ordinary
personal computers .

21. EXAMPLES OF SUPER
COMPUTER
Examples of supercomputers include:
 Belle
 Deep Blue
 Hydra for playing chess
 Gravity Pipe for astrophysics
 MDGRAPE-3 for protein structure prediction
 molecular dynamics

22. History of Super Computer
 First supercomputer built by Seymour Cray in Control Data
Corporation (CDC) in 1957
 CDC 1604 one of the first computers to replace vacuum tubes with
transistors
 Release of CDC 6600 by Seymour Cray considered the world’s first
Supercomputer

23. HARDWARE
Super
Computer of
1970s
Super computer of
1990s.
Super computer of
present

24. MANUFACTURERS
IBM
Aspen Systems
SGI
Cray Research
Compaq
Hewlett-Packard
Thinking Machines
Cray Computer Corporation
Control Data Corporation

25. FEATURE
OF SUPER
COMPUTER
1.
Large Number
of processing
units
2.
High capacity
of RAM &
Storage
3.
High-speed
connection
between nodes
4.
High-speed I/O
& file system
5.
Specialized
software &
Support
6.
Thermal
Management

26. MEASUREMENT OF SPEED
Supercomputers speed are measured in floating point operations
per second (FLOPS) in units of :
 Megaflops (MFLOPS)
 Gigaflops (GFLOPS)
 Teraflops (TFLOPS
SIZE OF SUPER COMPUTER
 The first super computer is about the size of four filing
cabinets.
 Super computer has capacity of 200 to 300 gigabytes.

27. APPLICATIONS
Supercomputers are used to perform the most
compute-intensive tasks of modern times
Computational Science
weather Forecasting, Climate Research
nuclear explosion dynamics
Oil and Gas Exporation
credit card transaction processing
design and testing of modern aircraft
cryptology

28. Standard Computer Supercomputer
 Single Processor  Multiple processors
 Single memory  Multiple memories
 Less Processing Speed & execution  High Processing speed & execution
 Measured in GHz  Measured in FLOPS
Comparison Between Standard Computer
and Super computer

29. ADVANTAGES OF SUPER
COMPUTER
Super computer have large number of Processing units.
High speed
Great performance
High data transfer rate
Massive RAM & Large Storage capacity.
providing a virtualized testing environment for scientific and
medical researches.

30. DISADVANTAGES OF SUPER
COMPUTER
 Super computer can be expansive.
 Take up a lot of space.
 May only be good for specific applications
 Does not replace physical testing.
 Requires trained staff.