lecture notes for oral communication

2.  Known as the mother of all communication models,
the Shannon-Weaver model (1949)
 Depicts communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five elements: a source (producer of
message); a transmitter (encoder of message into
signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission);
a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a
destination.

3.  This model, however, has been criticized for
missing one essential element in the
communication process: feedback.Without
feedback, the speaker will not know whether
the receiver understands the message or not.

5.  Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is a
one-way process, theTransaction Model is a
two-way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element.

6. As shown in Figure 2, this model is more interactive.There is a collaborative
exchange of messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.
It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication.

7.  Schramm (1954) modified the Shannon-
Weaver Model.What has Schramm added to
the Shannon-Weaver Model? Is the new
model more comprehensive?Why do you
think so? How is it different from or similar to
theTransaction Model?

9.  Basically, there are five functions of
communication.
 These are control, social interaction,
motivation, emotional expression, and
information dissemination.

10.  1. Control – Communication functions to control
behavior.
 2. Social Interaction – Communication allows
individuals to interact with others.
 3. Motivation – Communication motivates or
encourages people to live better.
 4. Emotional expression – Communication
facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and
emotions.
 5. Information dissemination – Communication
functions to convey information.

11.  In their pioneer book Effective Public
Relations, Professors Broom, Cutlip, and
Center (2012) list the 7 Cs of Effective
Communication.This list is widely used
today, especially in public relations and
advertising.

12.  Complete communication is essential to the
quality of the communication process in
general.
 Hence, communication should include
everything that the receiver needs to hear for
him/ her to respond, react, or evaluate
properly.

13.  Conciseness does not mean keeping the
message short, but making it direct or
straight to the point. Insignificant or
redundant information should be eliminated
from the communication that will be sent to
the recipient.

14.  To be effective, the speaker should always
consider relevant information about his/her
receiver such as mood, background, race,
preference, education, status, and needs,
among others. By doing so, he/she can easily
build rapport with the audience.

15.  Effective communication happens when the
message is concrete and supported by facts,
figures, and real-life examples and situations.
In this case, the receiver is more connected to
the message conveyed.

16.  The speaker shows courtesy in
communication by respecting the culture,
values, and beliefs of his/her receivers. Being
courteous at all times creates a positive
impact on the audience.

17.  Clearness in communication implies the use
of simple and specific words to express ideas.
It is also achieved when the speaker focuses
only on a single objective in his/her speech so
as not to confuse the audience.

18.  Correctness in grammar eliminates negative
impact on the audience and increases the
credibility and effectiveness of the message.

19.  There are instances when miscommunication
and misunderstanding occur because of
certain barriers.To become an effective
communicator, you should recognize these
barriers that hinder the communication
process.This will enable you to control the
situation, reset conditions, and start anew.