LEE 4 - GROUP - UNIT 19

1. Lengua y Expresión Escrita IV
I.S.F.D. Nº 41
Profesorado de Inglés.
Oral presentation- Group 8.
Students:
START!
Pair 1: Vazquez, Victoria and Peralta Noelia
Pair 2: Elicegui Mercedes and Sanguinetti Agostina
Pair 3: Franco Florencia and Germinario Ana Laura
Pair 4: Eisenacht Vilma and Petralanda MaiteThe Study of
Language
By George Yule

2. Language and social variation
Sociolinguistic
* Social dialects
Speech style
and style
shifting
- Prestige
African
American
English
_Vernacular language* Educational occupation
*Social markers
- Speech accommodation
- Register and
jargon
- Slang
_The grammar of
vernacular

3. Language and social variation:
★ Not everyone in a single geographical area speaks in the same
way in every situation.
★ People who lives in the same region but differ in terms of
education and economic status often speaks in quite different
ways.
★ These differences may be implicit or explicitly as indications of
membership in different social groups or speech communities.

4. Sociolinguistic:
Have more years of education
and perform non-manual work
Middle class
Have fewer years of education
and perform manual work of
some kind
Working class
Social dialect
Certain features of
language are treated
as relevant:
Words or structure
Pronunciation
A small difference in pronunciation can be an
indicator of social status
Mainly used to define groups of speakers as having something
in common. There are two main groups:

5. Education and occupation:
The post vocalic /r/ sound:
Each person has an individual way of speaking, a
personal dialect or idiolect.
The /r/ sound after a vowel and
before a consonant or the end of
a word..

6. New York, United States
The higher socio-economic
status the more postvocalic
/r/ sound were produced.
The lower socio-economic
status, the fewer
postvocalic /r/ were
produced
Reading, United Kingdom
Middle class speakers
pronounced fewer postvocalic
/r/ sounds
Upper middle class speakers did
not seem to pronounce
postvocalic /r/ at all
William Labor vs Trudgill study:
VS

7. Social markers:
Makes words like ‘hat’ sound
like ‘at’.
Words are pronounced with /n/
rather than /ŋ/ at the end of the
word
- ING:
Mostly used by the lower class
education.
/h/ dropping

8. Speech style and style-
shifting:
Social feature of language use. The most
basic distinction in speech style is between:
Formal style Informal style
Paying attention to how
we are speaking
Paying less attention to how
we are speaking

9. Over prestige:
When a change is in the
direction of a form that
is more frequent in the
speech of those
perceived to have higher
social status.
Prestige:
Covert prestige:
A “hidden” status of a speech
style as having positive value
may explain why certain
groups do not exhibit style-
shifting to the same extent
as other groups.

10. Speech Accommodation:
The ability to modify our speech style toward or away
from the perceived style of the person we are talking to.
Convergence: The speech style that attempts
to reduce social distance.
Divergence: A speech style that is used to
emphasize social distance
between speakers.

11. Register and Jargon
Register Jargon
A conventional way
of using language
that is appropriate
in a specific
context.
Situational
Occupational
Topical
Features
Religious
Legal
Linguistics
A defining feature
of a register.
Is a special technical
vocabulary
associated with a
specific area of
work or interest.

12. Slang
Is typically used among
those who are outside
established higher-status
groups.
Describes words of phrases
that are used instead of more
everyday terms among younger
speakers and other groups with
social interests.
The difference in slang
use between groups
divides into older and
youngers speakers
shows that age is
another important
factor involved in
social variation.

13. African
American
English
A variety used by
many African
American in
different regions
of the USA.

14. Vernacular Language
It is the most studied
form of AAE.
Is a general expression
for a kind of social
dialect.
The term
vernacular has
been used since
Middle Ages-

15. The Sound of Vernacular
A Pervasive
phonological
feature in AAVE
A tendency to reduce final consonant cluster.
This can affect the pronunciation of past tense
Initial dental consonants are frequently
pronounced as alveolar stops.
Morphological feature
Possessive ‘s
Third Person
singular
Plural ‘s
No
typically
used

16. The grammar
of vernacular
● It is typically is aspects of grammar
that AAVE and other vernacular are
the most stigmatized as being
“illogical” or “sloppy”.

17. Illogical Sloppy
Double negative
construction.
Negative is
expressed twice
Absence of verb
“to be”
It is not articulated
in AAVE

18. CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik.
Bibliography
Thanks
for
watching
VilmaYule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. New York,
USA. Cambridge University Press
Maite