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Ahmed598945

Basic of electrical machines

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‫فقودات‬ ‫المحرك‬ Motor Losses 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 1
‫تنقسم‬ ‫الفقودات‬ ‫في‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الي‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫كما‬ ‫في‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫مولد‬ ‫الت‬ ‫يار‬ ‫المستمر‬ : ‫أ‬ . ‫فقودات‬ ‫ميكانيكية‬ ( ‫احتكاك‬ ) . ‫ب‬ . ‫فقودات‬ ‫نحاسية‬ . ‫ج‬ . ‫فقودات‬ ‫حديدية‬ . ‫كل‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الفقودات‬ ‫تظهر‬ ‫في‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫تؤدي‬ ‫الي‬ ‫رفع‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫وقد‬ ‫تتسبب‬ ‫في‬ ‫تلفه‬ ‫بتاثيرها‬ ‫علي‬ ‫عازلية‬ ‫الملفات‬ ، ‫لذلك‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫تاثيرها‬ ‫وكيفية‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫لي‬ ‫تقليلها‬ ‫ما‬ ‫امكن‬ ‫ذلك‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 2
‫مخطط‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫لمحرك‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ Power Stages in DC Motors ‫تبدأ‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫بقدرة‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ (Input Electrical Power) ‫الواصلة‬ ‫للمحرك‬ ‫من‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫المستمر‬ ، ‫فيضيع‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫من‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫لتعويض‬ ‫الفقودات‬ ‫نحاسي‬ ‫ة‬ 𝑃𝑐𝑢 ‫والباقي‬ ‫يتحول‬ ‫الي‬ ‫قدرة‬ ‫كهرومغناطيسية‬ 𝑃 𝑔 ‫في‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫للمحرك‬ . ‫هذه‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫تساوي‬ : 𝑃 𝑔 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 𝐸𝑏 ∗ 𝐼𝑎 (39) 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 3
‫عند‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫الي‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫فقد‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫من‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫في‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫فقودات‬ ‫م‬ ‫يكانيكية‬ 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ ‫وجزء‬ ‫منها‬ ‫في‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫فقودات‬ ‫حديدية‬ 𝑃𝑖 ‫وتكون‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫المتبقية‬ ‫هي‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫المستفادة‬ ‫للحمل‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫تعرف‬ ‫بقدرة‬ ‫الخرج‬ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 . ‫المخطط‬ ( 11 ) ‫ادناه‬ ‫يوضح‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫قدرة‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ . ‫الشكل‬ ( 11 :) ‫المستمر‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫في‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫مراحل‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 4
‫كفاءة‬ ‫المحرك‬ Motor Efficiency ‫بالرجوع‬ ‫الي‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫القدرة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫تمييز‬ ‫الكفاءات‬ ‫التالية‬ : ‫أ‬ . ‫الكفاءة‬ ‫الميكانيكية‬ Mechanical Efficiency 𝜂𝑚 = 𝐶 𝐵 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑔 (40) ‫ب‬ . ‫الكفاءة‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ Electrical Efficiency 𝜂𝑒 = 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝐸𝑏∗𝐼𝑎 𝑉𝑖𝑛∗𝐼𝑖𝑛 (41) ‫ج‬ . ‫الكفاءة‬ ‫الكلية‬ Overall Efficiency 𝜂𝑇 = 𝜂𝑚 ∗ 𝜂𝑒 = 𝐶 𝐵 ∗ 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝐶 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑖𝑛∗𝐼𝑖𝑛 (42) 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 5
‫كما‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫الكفاءة‬ ‫الكلية‬ ‫بداللة‬ ‫الفقودات‬ ‫الكلية‬ ‫علي‬ ‫النحو‬ ‫التالي‬ : 𝜂𝑇 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡+𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 (43) 𝜂𝑇 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛−𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑖𝑛 (44) 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 6
‫المستمر‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫محركات‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ Speed Control of DC Motors ‫من‬ ‫المعادلة‬ ( 38 ) ‫يتضح‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫محركات‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫مكن‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫باح‬ ‫دي‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫التالية‬ : .1 ‫توصيل‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫عرف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫بــ‬ Armature Control Method ، ‫أو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عرف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫بـــ‬ Rheostat Control Method . .2 ‫تغيير‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫المسلط‬ ‫علي‬ ‫اطراف‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫عرف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫بــ‬ Applied Voltage Control . .3 ‫تغيير‬ ‫الفيض‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ ‫فيم‬ ‫عرف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫بــ‬ Flux Control Method . ‫نسبة‬ ‫للتشابه‬ ‫الكبير‬ ‫بين‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫المتوازي‬ ‫والمحركات‬ ‫المستم‬ ‫رة‬ ‫المركبة‬ ‫في‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫السرعة‬ ، ‫لذلك‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫نأخذ‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫المتوازي‬ ‫كمثال‬ ‫للنوعين‬ ‫باالض‬ ‫افة‬ ‫لطرق‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫محركات‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫المتوالية‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 7
‫المستمر‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫المتوازي‬ Speed Control of Shunt DC Motor ‫أ‬ . ‫توصيل‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫في‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫المراد‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫اقل‬ ‫من‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫الالح‬ ‫مل‬ ، ‫ولكن‬ ‫يعيبها‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫الفقودات‬ ‫النحاسية‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫تنظيم‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫المضافة‬ . ‫ت‬ ‫وصل‬ ‫المقاومة‬ ‫المتغيرة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫بالشكل‬ ( 12 ) ‫أدناه‬ : ‫الشكل‬ ( 12 :) ‫االنتاج‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫توصيل‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 8
‫بما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫الفولتية‬ ‫المسلطة‬ ‫ثابتة‬ ، ‫فان‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫يتغ‬ ‫ير‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫بتوصيل‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫تسمي‬ ‫بمقاومة‬ ‫التحكم‬ (Controlled Resistance) ‫علي‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫اعاله‬ . ‫من‬ ‫الشكل‬ ( 6 ) ‫يتضح‬ ‫انه‬ ‫وبزيادة‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫فان‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫تهبط‬ ‫وبشكل‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫بزيادة‬ ‫المقاومة‬ ‫المتغيرة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ . ‫لنفترض‬ ‫ان‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫يعمل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫حالتين‬ ‫مختلفتين‬ ، ‫االولي‬ ‫بتي‬ ‫ار‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫انتاج‬ ‫يساوي‬ 𝐼𝑎1 ، ‫وبسرعة‬ ‫تساوي‬ 𝑛1 ، ‫والحالة‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫بتيارعضو‬ ‫انتاج‬ ‫يساوي‬ 𝐼𝑎2 ، ‫وبسرعة‬ ‫تساوي‬ 𝑛2 . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 9
‫بافتراض‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عزم‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫ثابت‬ ، ‫وان‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫جهد‬ ‫التغذية‬ ‫ايضا‬ ‫ثابت‬ ، ‫فانه‬ ‫وقبل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ضافة‬ ‫المقاومة‬ ‫المتغيرة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫علي‬ ‫النحو‬ ‫التالي‬ : 𝑛1 ∝ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑎1𝑅𝑎 ∝ 𝐸𝑏1 (45) ‫وان‬ : 𝑛2 ∝ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑎2(𝑅𝑎+𝑅) ∝ 𝐸𝑏2 𝑛2 ∝ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼𝑎2𝑅𝑡 ∝ 𝐸𝑏2 (46) ‫حيث‬ : 𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 10
‫من‬ ‫المعادلتين‬ (45) ‫و‬ (46) ‫نجد‬ ‫انه‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫ثبات‬ ‫الفيض‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ : 𝑛1 𝑛2 = 𝐸𝑏1 𝐸𝑏2 (47) ‫وفي‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫ثبات‬ ‫الفيض‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحالتين‬ ‫نجد‬ ‫ان‬ : 𝑛1 𝑛2 = 𝐸𝑏1 𝐸𝑏2 ∗ Φ2 Φ1 = 𝐸𝑏1 𝐸𝑏2 ∗ 𝐼𝑠ℎ2 𝐼𝑠ℎ1 (48) 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 11
‫ب‬ . ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫بالتحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫المسلط‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫علي‬ ‫مدي‬ ‫اوسع‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مسلط‬ ‫علي‬ ‫اطراف‬ ‫المحرك‬ . ‫يتم‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫وورد‬ ‫ليونارد‬ (Ward Leonard System) ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشكل‬ ( 13 ) ‫ادناه‬ : ‫الشكل‬ ( 13 :) ‫التوازي‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫ليونارد‬ ‫وورد‬ ‫طريقة‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 12
‫في‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫اعاله‬ ‫غذي‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫المراد‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫سرعته‬ M2 ‫من‬ ‫مولد‬ ‫محكوم‬ G ، ‫هذا‬ ‫المولد‬ ‫دار‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫بسرعة‬ ‫ثابته‬ ‫من‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫آخر‬ M1 . ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ ‫للمولد‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫المتولد‬ ‫علي‬ ‫اطرافه‬ ، ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫لتحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫غذي‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫للمحرك‬ ‫المراد‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫سرعته‬ . ‫من‬ ‫عيوب‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫لكلية‬ ‫لنظام‬ ‫التحكم‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 13
‫ج‬ . ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫المغناطيسيي‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫البسيطة‬ ‫قليلة‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫متغي‬ ‫رة‬ ‫في‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫وبقدرة‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ، ‫وعن‬ ‫طريقها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫التح‬ ‫كم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الفيض‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ ، ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشكل‬ ( 14 ) ‫ادناه‬ : ‫الشكل‬ ( 14 :) ‫المجال‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 14
‫من‬ ‫مميزات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫انها‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تعطي‬ ‫سرعات‬ ‫اعلي‬ ‫من‬ ‫السرعة‬ ‫المقننة‬ ‫لدوران‬ ‫المحرك‬ ، ‫ولكن‬ ‫يعيبها‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫الشرارة‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫وحدوث‬ ‫مشاكل‬ ‫ميكان‬ ‫يكية‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫لزيادة‬ ‫السرعة‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 15
‫التحكم‬ ‫المتوالي‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫التيار‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫في‬ Speed Control of Series DC Motor ‫أ‬ . ‫توصيل‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعادلة‬ ( 28 ) ‫يمكن‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫باضافة‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫بصورة‬ ‫مشابهة‬ ‫كما‬ ‫في‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫التوازي‬ ، ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫بالشك‬ ‫ل‬ ( 15 ) ‫ادناه‬ . ‫الشكل‬ ( 15 :) ‫التوالي‬ ‫لمحرك‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫توصيل‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 16
‫ب‬ . ‫توصيل‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوازي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ملفات‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ ‫تتوقف‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫المحرك‬ ‫علي‬ ‫الفيض‬ ‫المغناطيسي‬ Φ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫يساوي‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫الحمل‬ 𝐼𝑖𝑛 ‫في‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الحالة‬ . ‫وبما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫الحمل‬ 𝐼𝑖𝑛 ‫يتوقف‬ ‫علي‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫الحمل‬ ، ‫فان‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫قي‬ ‫مة‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫إال‬ ‫بتوصيل‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوازي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ملفات‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫تغيي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫المقاومة‬ ، ‫بينما‬ ‫تظل‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫ثابتة‬ ، ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشكل‬ ( 16 ) ‫ادناه‬ : ‫الشكل‬ ( 16 :) ‫المجال‬ ‫ملفات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التوازي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫متغيرة‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫توصيل‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 17
‫ج‬ . ‫طريقة‬ ‫تقسيم‬ ‫ملفات‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫نتحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫تقسيم‬ ‫ملفات‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫علي‬ ‫االق‬ ‫طاب‬ ‫الي‬ ‫قسمين‬ ‫او‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫وتوصيلهما‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوازي‬ ‫معا‬ ‫بدال‬ ‫من‬ ‫توصيل‬ ‫الملفات‬ ‫علي‬ ‫اال‬ ‫قطاب‬ ‫كلها‬ ‫علي‬ ‫التوالي‬ ‫كما‬ ‫موضح‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشكل‬ ( 17 ) ، ‫وبهذه‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫نستطيع‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫تيار‬ ‫الم‬ ‫جال‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫في‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫المحرك‬ . ‫الشكل‬ ( 17 :) ‫التوالي‬ ‫لمحرك‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫ملفات‬ ‫تقسيم‬ ‫طريقة‬ . 1/4/2023 ‫د‬ . ‫البشير‬ ‫الفكي‬ ‫عمر‬ 18

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أسس آلات 8.pptx