Solar power plant

1. Solar Power Plant
Submitted by (Abdulkarim,Mohammad) (Alvarez, Godwin Lloyd) (Buyok, Raiza
M.) (Dinil, Algebra B.) (Halasan, Chavy Jill C.) (Lacbay, Jerome H.) (Malabas,
Tom Kenneth F.) (Pingay, Ben-Ameer K.) (Sali, Hanif N.) Uri, Ahmad U. (Villarin,
Franklin D.)
Western Mindanao State University
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City
Submitted to: Engr. Darry Junsay

3. ●- Solar energy is a type of energy derived
from the power and heat of the sun's rays. It
is a “green” energy source because it is
renewable.
●-These panels act as conductors, absorbing
and heating the sun's rays to generate
energy (and electricity).
●- Similarly to wind power, solar energy
depends on the weather and amount of solar
radiation at a particular location. This means
that geographic areas without sunlight or
areas with frequent cloudy weather can
struggle to use solar energy effectively.

4. History
Who invented solar power plant?
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is a device that converts
light into electric current using the photovoltaic effect. The
first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the
1880s. https://twitter.com/solar_dave/status/13176316643
19856647?lang=da

5. History
Where was Photovoltaic technology made?
1954 Photovoltaic technology is born in the United
States when Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and
Gerald Pearson develop the silicon photovoltaic
(PV) cell at Bell Labs—the first solar cell capable
of converting enough of the sun's energy into power
to run everyday electrical equipment.
In the picture, they appear in this order Pearson, Chapin, Fuller
https://www.solarpowerworldonline.
com/2018/01/long-history-solar-pv/

6. History
When was concentrated solar discovered?
Professor Giovanni Francia (1911–1980) designed and built
the first concentrated-solar plant, which entered into operation
in Sant'Ilario, near Genoa, Italy in 1968. This plant had the
architecture of today's power tower plants with a solar receiver
in the center of a field of solar collectors.
https://www.alessandriaoggi.info/si
to/2022/04/14/furono-il-professor-
giovanni-francia-e-il-dottor-nello-
sarperi-i-veri-pionieri-mondiali-
dellenergia-solare/

7. Types of Solar Energy
Power Plant
Photovoltaic(PV)
https://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/close/two-types-solar-energy

8. SOLAR ENERGY
• The rise in the popularity of solar power energy comes with the expansion of the technologies
associated with it.
• Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV)
panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. This energy can be used to
generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage.

9. SOLAR POWER PLANT
• One solar power plant is also known as the Photovoltaic (PV) power
plant. It is a large-scale PV plant designed to produce bulk electrical
power from solar radiation. The solar power plant uses solar energy
to produce electrical power. Therefore, it is a conventional power
plant.

10. TYPES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
Two major technologies have been developed to harness it:
∙ Photovoltaic solar technology, which directly converts sunlight into
electricity using panels made of semiconductor cells.
∙ Solar thermal technology, which captures the sun’s heat. This heat is used
directly or converted into mechanical energy and in turn electricity, known as
concentrated solar power . This heat is used directly (low-temperature solar
thermal) or converted into mechanical energy and in turn electricity
(concentrated solar power – CSP).

11. Photovoltaic Solar Power
○ The Photovoltaic Effect converts light
into electricity. It was discovered by French
physicist Edmond Becquerel in 1839 and was
first used in industrial applications in 1954.
The principle: an electric current occurs
when electrons are displaced.
For this to happen, photons (light particles)
excite the outermost electrons of the
atoms of certain semiconductor elements.

12. Photovoltaic Solar Power
● PV solar panels make use of the sun’s light instead. In other words,
photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity. The way
this works is that the solar PV cells absorb light, which will then knock
electrons loose.,
● Then once the loose electrons flow, a current is created, and this
current is then captured and transferred into wires, thus generating a
direct electric current (DC). After the direct electric current is
generated, it is then converted into AC, usually using inverters, so that
it will be distributed on the power network.

13. Types of Solar Panels
The solar panels are classified into three major types:
❖ Monocrystalline Solar Panels
❖ Polycrystalline Solar Panels
❖ Thin-film Solar Panels

14. Monocrystalline Solar Panels
❖ This is the oldest type of solar panel. The
monocrystalline solar panel is the most developed and
very efficient type of panel. The efficiency of the latest
monocrystalline panel reaches up to 20%.
❖ The cells are made of pure silicon, and it is the purest
form of solar panel. These panels look uniform in dark
color. The shape of the cells of this panel is a round
corner (oval shape). And it recognizes by appearance.
This type of panel has high power output and occupies
less space compared to a polycrystalline panel. But the
cost of these panels is high.
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/202
1/07/solar-power-plant.html

15. Polycrystalline Solar Panels
❖ Polycrystalline panels use melted silicon.
❖ This process is faster and cheaper compared
to the monocrystalline panels.
❖ The shape of the solar cell is rectangular with
a sharp corner.
❖ Generally, this panel looks blue color because
of the impurities added to the silicon.
❖ The efficiency is around 15%. And the life
span of this panel is also less compared to
the monocrystalline panel.
https://www.electricaltechnology.or
g/2021/07/solar-power-plant.html

16. Thin-film Solar Panels
❖ This type of solar panel is manufactured with one
or more films of photovoltaic material.
❖ The polycrystalline panel is less expensive as the
process to make this panel is easy.
❖ The major advantage of this panel is that it is a
flexible panel. As the name suggests, thin-film
panels, this panel is approximately 350 times
thinner compared to the monocrystalline and
polycrystalline panel.
❖ The main disadvantage of this pane is that it
requires more space. And this issue makes this
panel unsuitable for residential applications.
❖ The life span of this panel is short compared to
monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels.
https://www.electricaltechnology.or
g/2021/07/solar-power-plant.html

17. COMPONENTS OF PV SOLAR POWER
PLANT
• Photovoltaic (PV) panel
• Inverter
• Energy storage devices
• Charge controller
• System balancing component

18. COMPONENTS OF PV SOLAR
POWER PLANT
Photovoltaic (PV) panel
❖ PV panels or Photovoltaic panel is a most important component of a solar power plant. It is made up of small
solar cells. This is a device that is used to convert solar photon energy into electrical energy.
❖ Generally, silicon is used as a semiconductor material in solar cells.
Inverter
❖ We need to convert DC output power into AC power. For that, an inverter is used in solar power plants.
❖ And a transformer is also connected with the inverter to assures the output voltage and frequency as per the
standard supply.

19. A photovoltaic panel is
made up of several cells
producing direct current,
which is then converted
into alternating
current by an inverter.

20. COMPONENTS OF PV SOLAR
POWER PLANT
Energy storage devices
❖ The batteries are used to store electrical energy generated by the solar power
plants.
❖ The storage components are the most important component in a power plant to
meet the demand and variation of the load.
❖ There are two types of battery used in the solar power plant;
⮚ Lead-Acid battery
⮚ Nickel-Cadmium battery
Charge controller
❖ is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery. The charge
controller is used to avoid the overcharging of the battery.
System balancing component
❖ It is a set of components used to control, protect and distribute power in the
system.

21. COMPONENTS OF PV SOLAR POWER
PLANT
Blocking diode
❖ The blocking diode is a diode that is connected between the battery
and panel to avoid reversal current from battery to panel.
Voltage regulator
❖ the output of the solar panel is also varying with respect to sunlight.
❖ The voltage regulators are used to maintain fluctuation within an
acceptable range.

22. The installation of Photovoltaic (PV) Solar
Panels is less costly than of CSP’s. At
times when there is little to no sunlight, like
during cloudy days or during the night, PV
systems aren’t capable of producing or
storing thermal energy since they use
direct sunlight instead of the sun’s heat
unlike the Concentrated Solar Power. And
in addition to that, storing electricity (for
example, in batteries) is also not easily
done, especially at large power levels.

23. END
Solar energy technology doesn’t end with electricity
generation by PV or CSP systems. These solar energy
systems must be integrated into homes, businesses, and
existing electrical grids with varying mixtures of traditional
and other renewable energy sources.
https://www.intertek.com/solar/

24. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANT
● By focusing solar energy into a single
focal point, a method known as
concentrated solar power generates
electricity.
https://helioscsp.com/worlds-largest-concentrated-solar-power-plant/

25. THE 3 MAIN TYPES OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER SYSTEM ARE:
1. LINEAR CONCENTRATOR
2. DISH/ ENGINE
3. POWER TOWER SYSTEM

26. LINEAR CONCENTRATOR
● Collects the sun’s energy using long rectangular,
curved (u-shaped) mirrors.
● The reflected sunlight heats a fluid flowing through
the tubes.
THERE ARE TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LINEAR
CONCENTRATION SYSTEM:
● Parabolic trough systems
● Linear Fresnel Reflector Systems
https://www.ategroup.com/ecoaxis-blog/understanding-the-concentrating-solar-thermal-
technologies-for-you/

27. DISH/ENGINE
● Uses a mirrored dish similar to a very large satellite
dish.
● The mechanical power is then used to run a
generator or alternator to produce electricity.
● The most common type of heat engine is used today
is dish/engine systems is the Stirling engine.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/dishengine-system-concentrating-solar-
thermal-power-basics

28. POWER TOWER SYSTEMS
● uses a vast array of heliostats to
concentrate sunlight onto a receiver at the
top of a tower. Heliostats are flat, sun-
tracking mirrors.
● Steam is produced using a heat-transfer
fluid that has been heated in the receiver. https://www.evwind.es/2020/03/04/shouhang-bags-100-mw-concentrated-solar-
power-tower-project-in-china/73908

29. ADVANTAGES:
● Simple and non-polluting.
● The use of fossil fuel plants, which release the greenhouse gases responsible for climate change, might be replaced.
● They prove to be efficient and cost-effective.
● May be set up quickly and have a significant impact on cutting carbon dioxide emissions.
● Provides emissions reduction compared to natural gas counterpart.

30. IDEAL PLACE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANT
● The desert regions of Australia and Africa
● Mediterranean Regions, with frequent sunshine.
● In India, places like Gujarat and Rajasthan and etc.

31. ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
1. Renewable Energy Source
Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most important thing is that solar energy is a truly a renewable energy source . It can be harnessed in all
areas of the world and is available every day. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be
accessible as long as we have the sun, therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion years when according to scientists the sun is
going to die.
2. Reduces Electricity Bills
Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you
save on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar system and your electricity or heat usage.
For example, if you are a business using commercial solar panels this switch can have huge benefits because the large system size can cover large
chunks of your energy bills.
Moreover, not only will you be saving on the electricity bill, but there is also a possibility to receive payments for the surplus energy that you export
back to the grid through the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG). If you generate more electricity than you use (considering that your solar panel system is
connected to the grid).
3. Diverse Applications
Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can generate electricity (photovoltaics) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy
can be used to produce electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distil water in regions with limited clean water supplies and to
power satellites in space.
Solar energy can also be integrated into the materials used for buildings. Not long ago Sharp introduced transparent solar energy windows.

32. ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
4. Low Maintenance Costs
● Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only need to keep them relatively clean, so
cleaning them a couple of times per year will do the job. If in doubt, you can always rely on specialised cleaning
companies, which offer this service from around £25-£35. =PHP 1656.46
● Most reliable solar panel manufacturers offer 20-25 years warranty.
● Also, as there are no moving parts, there is no wear and tear. The inverter is usually the only part that needs to be
changed after 5-10 years because it is continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity and heat (solar
PV vs. solar thermal).
● from the inverter, the cables also need maintenance to ensure your solar power system runs at maximum efficiency.
So, after covering the initial cost of the solar system, you can expect very little spending on maintenance and repair work.
5. Technology Development
Technology in the solar power industry is constantly advancing and improvements will intensify in the future. Innovations in
quantum physics and nanotechnology can potentially increase the effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even triple,
the electrical input of the solar power systems.

33. ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
6. Different Applications
Solar energy can be applied for different goals. Solar photovoltaics can produce electricity from solar radiation,
while solar thermal is used for heat.
7. Solar energy is environmentally-friendly
Solar energy is a clean, renewable resource. Many of us are looking for ways they can be more environmentally-friendly,
and solar power checks a lot of boxes. Solar panels are, of course, powered by the sunlight. As you’re powering your home,
you greatly reduce the emissions you put out into the environment. Additionally, solar energy is not generally associated
with pollution, so you will lessen your carbon footprint.

34. DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
1. Cost
The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. This includes paying for solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring, and the
installation. Nevertheless, solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices will go down in the future.
2. Weather-Dependent
Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops.
● Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to effectively gather solar energy.
● Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that
solar energy cannot be collected during the night.

35. DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
3. Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
Solar energy has to be used right away, or it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged
during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is a good solution for using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive.
In most cases, it is smarter to just use solar energy during the day and take energy from the grid during the night (you can only do this if your system
is connected to the grid). Luckily your energy demand is usually higher during the day so you can meet most of it with solar energy.
4. Uses a Lot of Space
The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will need, as you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar PV panels
require a lot of space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of solar panels that you would like to have.
An alternative is to install some of the panels in your yard but they need to have access to sunlight. If you don’t have the space for all the panels that
you wanted, you can opt for installing fewer to still satisfy some of your energy needs.
5. Associated with Pollution
Although pollution related to solar energy systems is far less compared to other sources of energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution.
Transportation and installation of solar systems have been associated with the emission of greenhouse gases.
There are also some toxic materials and hazardous products used during the manufacturing process of solar photovoltaic systems, which can
indirectly affect the environment.

36. DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
6.The permitting process can be time consuming
Many people don’t know this, but before installation can occur, you need to have an approved permit from your local government office. Going
solar is unlike getting a new roof or replacing your home’s windows. Government restrictions can add weeks to months to a project installation.
Depending on how strict your local government is and how quickly permits are approved, the process can be drawn out. Because this can be a
time-consuming and burdensome procedure, we take on that responsibility by managing the entire permitting process with your local government.
Going into your solar project, keep in mind that this step can add time to a project. It’s important to have a clear understanding of the timeline
provided by your installer and to stay in close communication with your project manager to make sure this process goes as smoothly as possible.
7.Not every roof will meet the criteria for solar
Individual energy needs, available roof space, orientation, material, and shading all factor in to determining if your home is suitable for solar. For
example, a large, south-facing roof without obstructions (like vent pipes and skylights) would be ideal for solar. A system on a small, west-facing
roof surrounded by tall trees may not be able to produce the same amount of energy.

37. Philippines sources of Electricity
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1237572/phili
ppines-distribution-of-electricity-production-by-
source/#:~:text=The%20Philippines%20derives
%20most%20of,was%20sourced%20from%20fo
ssil%20fuels.

38. Conclusion
Solar power is the most abundant energy source on earth and we live in an age
where we can harness it effectively therefore why not use solar energy.
We should not just think of the present but the future as well.