The document discusses the scientific method, which is a set of procedures scientists follow to solve problems. It involves 7 key steps: 1) defining the problem, 2) collecting data, 3) drawing a hypothesis, 4) planning and performing an experiment, 5) collecting and recording observations, 6) drawing a conclusion, and 7) communicating findings. The document provides examples and explanations of each step, including defining variables, designing valid experiments, and types of measurements and data.
9. Scientific Method
Choose ALL of the statements below that are
stated as a hypothesis.
Baking powder is used in biscuits.
The brighter the color of an orange, the juicier the
fruit.
Brass contains copper and zinc.
Most apples are red, but some are yellow.
The faster a river flows, the greater the erosion.
10. Scientific Method
Some chickens lay an egg every day. Other chickens
produce few eggs. A study is planned to examine factors
that might affect the number of eggs produced by
chickens.
Which of the following is NOT a suitable hypothesis for
the study?
11. Scientific Method
If chickens receive more hours of light, then they will
produce more eggs.
If more eggs are produced by chickens, then they lose
more weight.
If the cage for chickens is larger, then they will produce
more eggs.
If there is more protein in the feed, then more eggs are
produced.
14. Scientific Method
Students in a science class placed ice cubes in a cup. They
were studying variables that affected how long it takes the
ice to melt.
15. Scientific Method
Select the variable that would most likely NOT affect the
time it takes the ice to melt.
Size of cup
Number of students
Size of ice cube
Temperature of the room
16. Scientific Method
Example
A student pours 100 mL of hot water carefully into one
beaker and pours 100 mL of cold water into another
beaker. He drops a lump of sugar into each beaker and
times how long it will take each sugar cube to dissolve. Will
this experiment show the effect water temperature has on
the rate at which sugar dissolves?
To be VALID, there can only be 1 VARIABLE!
17. Scientific Method
A student pours 100 mL of hot water carefully into one
beaker and pours 100 mL of cold water into another
beaker. He drops a lump of sugar into each beaker and
times how long it will take each sugar cube to dissolve. Will
this experiment show the effect water temperature has on
the rate at which sugar dissolves?
18. Scientific Method
Example
A scientist designs an experiment to see if plants need
sunshine to grow. Twenty four growing plants are placed
in a dark closet. Two weeks later, all the plants are dead.
Does this experiment prove that plants need sunshine?
To be VALID, there can only be 1 VARIABLE!
37. Scientific Theory
Represents a hypotheses, or a group of related
hypotheses, which has been confirmed through
repeated experimental tests.
38. Scientific Method
A student decides to set up an experiment to see if cats
preferred skim milk or 2%milk. She put out a cup of milk
and a cup of 2%milk. Both milks were served at the same
temperature. She then measured which type and how
much milk her 5 kittens drank over the course of a day.
The student discovered that the cats liked the 2% more
than the skim milk.
What is wrong with the above experiment?