2. Previous Lecture Outline
• Introduction to computers and computer organization
• Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing
• Programming languages
• Components of programming languages
• Categories of Programming Languages
• Programming techniques
3. Lecture Outline
• Understanding the concept of flowcharts.
• Working with sequence, decision, repetition and case control
flowchart structures.
• Understanding algorithms.
4. Flowchart
• A flowchart is a diagram that represents the
flow of a program.
• Flowcharts are the combination of some
symbols that describes the order and sequence
of computer program that how it runs and
executes.
• Flowchart for pay calculation.
5. Flowchart
• A flowchart is composed of following symbols:
Terminal1.
Parallelogram2.
Rectangle3.
Used to indicate the starting and ending
point of flowchart.
Used to indicate input/output operations.
Used to indicate process operation.
6. Flowchart
• A flowchart is composed of following symbols:
4.
5.
Connector Used to connect different parts of flowcharts.
Used to connect different other symbols in flowchart
with each other.
7. Flowchart
• Based on order of execution, program flowcharts are divided into
four types:
• Sequence flowchart
• Decision flowchart
• Repetition flowchart
• Case flowchart
• Combination of all the above flowchart create nested flowcharts.
8. Flowchart
Sequence Flowchart
• A flowchart in which a series of actions are
performed in sequence.
• In sequence flowchart all the activities and actions
are performed one after another in an order.
9. Flowchart
Decision Flowchart
• A flowchart in which statements are
executed and skipped after a condition.
• Actions are performed when condition
becomes true and actions are skipped
when condition is false.
10. Flowchart
Decision Flowchart
• It uses diamond symbol.
• It is also called IF…..THEN decision making.
• It is one-way decision making.
11. Flowchart
Decision Flowchart
• A flowchart in which statements are
executed when a condition is true and
when condition becomes false, other
statements are executed.
• It uses diamond symbol.
• It is also called IF…..THEN….ELSE decision
making.
• It is two-way decision making.
12. Flowchart
Repetition Flowchart
• A flowchart in which statements are
executed for a number of times repeatedly.
• The number of execution is controlled
through a condition.
• It can be pre-tested or post-tested.
13. Flowchart
Repetition Flowchart
• Pre-tested repetitive flowchart
• Statements are repeated or executed
after checking a condition.
• If the condition is omitted, it will
becomes infinite loop.
14. Flowchart
Repetition Flowchart
• Post-tested repetitive flowchart
• Statements are repeated or executed
before checking a condition once.
• If the condition is omitted, it will
becomes infinite loop.
17. Algorithm
• Step by step processes used for
problem solving is called algorithm.
• A procedure or rule for solving a
problem in the term of which
action is to execute on and in which
order the action will be executed.
• Pseudo Code is an artificial
language that can be used for
writing steps for problem solving.
• 1 Prompt the user to enter the first integer
• 2 Input the first integer
• 3 Prompt the user to enter the second integer
• 4 input the second integer
• 5 Add first integer and second integer, store
result
• 6 Display result
18. Summery
• Understanding the concept of flowcharts.
• Working with sequence, decision, repetition and case control
flowchart structures.
• Understanding algorithms.
