this presentation is about ip address and domain name system.

1. Computer
Application
Topic : IP Address & Domain Name

2. Group Members
P r o f . V. B . S h a h I n s t i t u t e o f M a n a g e m e n t
Roll No. Name
102 Trushal Antala
106 Pravin Chaudhari
116 Akshay Jain
123 Vishal Kanani

3. What is IP
Address ?
IP address is a numerical label
assigned to each device (e.g.,
computer, printer) participating
in a computer network that uses
the Internet Protocol for
communication.

4.  IP address is same as mobile no.
which is unique.
 It is provided to all the devices
which are connected to internet
or network.
 It consists 4 byte or 32 bit
decimal number.
 IP addresses are managed by
service providers and a central
allocation system.

5. IP address assignment:
Internet Protocol addresses are
assigned newly each time, this is
known as using a dynamic IP
address, or permanently by fixed
configuration of its hardware or
software is known as using
a static IP address.

6. IPv4 vs. IPv6:
As the Internet and technology evolve, there has been an increasing
demand for IP addresses. To help meet the demand for IP addresses,
there are two types of addresses used today, IPv4 and IPv6. Although
you may only deal with an IPv4 address in your local home, school, or
small office you should also be aware of IPv6 addresses for when you
encounter them.
 Example of an IPv4 address: 45.79.151.23
 Example of an IPv6 address: 2601:681:4200:c5c0:516:f0bb:ac3b:46bd

7. IP address
classes:
CLASSES ADDRESS RENGE SUPPORTS
A 1.0.0.1 to
126.255.255.254
Supports 16 million hosts
on each of 127 networks.
B 128.1.0.1 to
191.255.255.254
Supports 65,000 hosts on
each of 16,000 networks.
C 192.0.1.1 to
223.255.254.254
Supports 254 hosts on
each of 2 million networks.
D 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255
Reserved
for multicast groups.
E 240.0.0.0 to
254.255.255.254
Reserved for future use, or
Research and
Purposes.
With an IPv4 IP address,
there are five classes of
available IP ranges: Class A,
Class B, Class C, Class D and
Class E, while only A, B, and
C are commonly used. Each
class allows for a range of
valid IP addresses, shown in
the following table.

8. Class A IP
Address:
 Class A IP addresses were
used for networks that had a
large number of hosts on the
network. The class permitted
up to 126 networks by using
the first octet of the address
for the network
identification.
 it allow up to 126 networks
with 17 million hosts per
network. In a Class A
address, the network
number values start at the
number 1 and end at 127.

9. Class B IP
Address:
 Class B IP address were
assigned to medium to large
networks. They allow 16,384
networks by using the first two
octets in the address for the
network identification.
 This allows approximately
65,000 hosts per network.
Class B network number
values start at 128 and finish at
191.

10. Class C IP
Address:
 Class C IP addresses were
used in small LAN
configurations. They allow
for approximately 2 million
networks by using the first
three octets of the address
for the network
identification.
 This allows for 254 hosts per
network. A Class C network
number value starts at 192
and ends at 223.

11.  Class D IP addresses were
reserved for multicasting
purposes. These addresses
begin with an octet in the 224-
239 range.
 It includes addresses from
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
 Class E IP addresses are reserved
for experimental use. The first
octet of these addresses ranges
between 240 and 255.
 This range is reserved by the IETF
and similar to Class D networks,
should not be assigned to a host
device.
Class D IP
Address:
Class E IP
Address:

12. What is domain
name?
Domain Name System, or DNS, is the friendly
naming system for giving addresses to web
servers and web pages. The domain name
system gives every server a memorable and
easy-to-spell address. Simultaneously, the
domain names hide the really technical IP
address which most viewers aren't interested
in.

13. Level of
domains:
 Below the top-level domains in the domain name hierarchy are the second-level
domain (SLD) names. These are the names directly to the left of .com, .net , and
the other top-level domains. As an example, in the domain flipkart.com is the
second-level domain.
 The top-level domains (TLDs) such as com, net and
org are the highest level of domain names of the
Internet. Every domain name ends with a top-level
domain label.
 Next are third-level domains, which are written immediately to the left of a
second-level domain. There can be fourth- and fifth-level domains, and so on,
with virtually no limitation. An example of an operational domain name with four
levels of domain labels is www.flipkart.com
www.flipkart.com www.bbc.co.uk
Third Second top fourth Third+second top

14. Types of top level domains:
 Geographical domain:
Domain that falls under this category are
named using 2 character country name
which are specified by ISO(international
standard org.)
Example:
.in
.pk
.us
.uk
 Non geographical domain:
Domain that falls under this category
are named using 3 character that
indicates the functionality of the
organization.
Example:
.com
.edu
.org
.gov

15. How DNS works ?
1. User request to the URL from web browser;

16. 2. web browser send request to local server or
(ISP)(RESOLVER);

17. 3. If the URL is not at the local name
server(resolver) then resolver sent the request to
the Root domain server.

19. 4. The root domain provides the primary/TLD server to
resolver/local name server and then sent resolver to the
server which provide domain name.

20. 5. Finally requested URL gets IP
address and send that IP address
to the web browser.