In this slide the active constituents which is isolated from herbal sources used for to treat the type 1 and type 2 diabetes is covered. 'Gymnema' and 'swerita chirata' herbal plant is also covered in the slide.This work help in to focus the herbal emphasis on diabetes.

1. ACTIVE CONSTITUENT OF
DRUGS USED IN DIABETIC
THERAPY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACY SRTMU, NANDED
Guided By - Dr. S.S. Pekamwar
(M.Pharm Ph.D, Pharmaceutical
chemistry)
Presented By – Akshay Kank
(M.Pharm Pharmaceutical
chemistry)

2. Contents
 Introduction-DIABETES
 Medicinal plant used for diabetics
 Global Burden Of Diabetes
 Gymnema sylvestre
 Salacia reticulate
 Swertia chirata
 References

3. Diabetes
 Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of syndromes
characterized by elevated blood glucose attributed to
a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin.
Type-1 diabetes(insulin
dependent)
Type-2 diabetes(insulin
independent)
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes due to genetic
defects
According to
ADA

4. Global Burden Of Diabetes
 It is estimated that approximately 285 million people
worldwide, or 6.6% in the age group 20-79 will have
diabetes in 2013.
 According to WHO, this number is expected to
increase by more than 50% in the next 20 years if
preventive programmes are not put in place.
 The largest increases will take place in the regions
dominated by developing economies.

6. Medicinal Plants Used For Diabetes
Gymnema
sylvestre
Salacia
reticulata
Swertia
chirata
• Several medicinal plants have found potential use as
hypoglycemic in the Indian system of medicines, including
Ayurveda.
• The use of herbs as hypoglycemics is a major avenue in Indian
perspectives particularly for treating diabetes. Example -
Annona squamosa L. Common name: Sugar apple Lowers
blood glucose level.

8. Gymnema
Gymnema sylvestre, family- Apocynaceae
Common name- Gudmar, Bedakicha pala, Madhunaashini etc.

9. Gymnema- Chemical Constituents
Gymenma sylvestre leaves contain triterpene saponins
belonging to oleanane and dammarene classes.
Oleanane saponins are gymnemic acid and
gymnemasaponins, while Dammarene saponin are
gymnemasides.
Other components are Flavones, anthraquinone, Resins,
Tartric acid, Glycosides and Stigmasterol etc.

10. Gymnema- Chemical Constituents
Gymnemic acid gymnemasaponin
s

11. Mechanism Of Action-Gymnemic acid
 There are some possible mechanisms by which the leaves and
especially Gymnemic acids from G. sylvestre exert its
hypoglycemic effects are:
 It increases secretion of insulin
 It promotes regeneration of islet cells
 It increases utilization of glucose: It is shown to increase the
activities of enzymes responsible for utilization of glucose by
insulin-dependent pathways, an increase in phosphorylase
activity, decrease in gluconeogenic enzymes and sorbitol
dehydrogenase and
 It causes inhibition of glucose absorption from intestine,the
exact action being unknown. It could be involve one or more
mechanisms (Nakamura et al., 1999).

12. Other Uses
Used in treatment
of blood pressure
and cardiac
rhythms.
Decreasing
Glycosylated
haemoglobin
Hb1AC.
Used in
glycosuria.
Used in
antiinflammatory,
anti helminthes,
expectorant and
snake bites.
Lowering serum
cholestrol and
triglycerides.
Used for weight
loss.

13. Some Marketed Products

14. Salacia Reticulate
Salacia reticulata, at dry zone forests in Shrilanka
Family- Hypocrataceae
Common name- Kothala himbutu, Maharimula.

15. Salacia- Chemical Constituents
Active Antidiabetic Constituents
• Salacinol, Neosalacinol, Kotalanol,
Mangiferine, 13MRT
Other Constituents
• 1,3 diketones, dulcitol,
Leucopelargonidine, Glycosidal tannin,
Triterpenoids lambertic acid

16. Salacia- Chemical Constituents

17. Mechanism Of Action-Salacinol

18. Salacia
 Other Uses-
As a anti-inflammatory
Treatment of asthma
Amenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Rheumatism
 Side effects-
Pain in abdomen
Nausea
Diarrhoea

19. Some Marketed Products

20. References
 https://www.researchgate.net/.../260920476
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc217095
1
 https://www.slideshare.net/pallavibohra/gymnemasylve
stre
 Natural products, By rapheal Ikan, second edition,
Elsevier publication
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc503302
9
 Ukaazpublications.com/attached/publication/5%20artic
les.20pdf

22. THANK YOU