Functional differences between a bank and non-bank financial institution part 2

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Chapter 1
Introduction
The financial systemfacilitates transfer of funds, through financial institutions, financial
markets, financial instruments and services. Financial institutions act as mobilisers and
depositories of savings, and as purveyors of credit or finance. They also provide various
financial services to the community. They act as intermediaries between savers and investors.
All banks and many non-banking institutions also act as intermediaries, and are called as non-
banking financial intermediaries (NBFI). Financial institutions are divided into the banking and
non-banking ones.
1.1 Background of the study
For a small area with a large population country like Bangladesh, ensuring financial access to
fuel growth and entrepreneurship is a critical priority. Banking penetration continues to be low,
and even as the coverage is sought to be aggressively increased through different programs, the
quality of coverage and ability to access comprehensive financial services for households as well
as small businesses is still far from satisfactory.
In this scenario, the Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFC) sector has scripted a story that is
remarkable. It speaks to the truly diverse and entrepreneurial spirit of Bangladesh. From large
infrastructure financing to small microfinance, the sector has innovated over time and found
ways to address the debt requirements of every segment of the economy. To it’s credit, the
industry has also responded positively to regulatory efforts to better understand risks and to
address such risks through regulations. Over time, the sector has evolved from being fragmented
and informally governed to being well regulated and in many instances, adopted best practices in
technology, innovation and risk management as well as governance.
1.2 Objectives of the study
In Bangladesh now different commercial banks and the non-banking financial organizations are
operating there business. And every organization now involved attracting the retail customers
that means the middle income group people of the country. To draw their attention the sells
persons of different organization try to knock every possible door. These activities of different
organization increase the interest about this sector. As both commercial banks and the non-
financial institutes are in the market, so it makes confusion to the general people about the
activities of these organizations. This report helps the customers to makes differentiate
between these.

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1.2.1 Broad Objective
Broad objectives of the study is to make it clear what is the functional difference between a
bank and a non-bank financial institution.
1.2.2 Specific objective
Specific objective of the study is to know about the functional activities of a bank and non-bank
financial institution. By this study we try to find the answer of the question, ‘what functions are
played by a bank and a non-bank financial institution?’
1.3 Scope of the study
In Bangladesh there is lot of scope of the study on bank and non-bank financial institution. The
banking system is composed of four state-owned commercial banks, five specialized banks,
thirty eight private commercial banks, one land development bank and nine foreign commercial
banks. There are 30 non-bank financial institutions in our country. So it’s very easy to collect
the information on bank and non-bank financial institution.
1.4 Methodology of the study
The study uses both primary data and secondary data. The information of the report was
collected from secondary sources like books, published reports and web site of the Bank and
financial institution. For general concept development about the bank and financial institution
short interviews and discussion session were taken as primary source.
1.4.1 Sample size
Here sample size is two. One is bank and another is financial institution.
1.4.2 Sources of data
All the necessary information to prepare this report is collected from both primary and
secondary sources of data.

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1.4.2.1 Primary sources
It includes the fresh or completely new data sources collected for a specified purpose, such as:
Focus group meetings
Direct observation
Informal discussion
Relevant file study as provided by the officers concerned.
Face to face conversation with the customers.
On the job observation of the researcher.
Personal interviews with the employees. Self-developed questionnaire has been used for
interview.
1.4.2.2 Secondary sources
Different manual and synopsis.
Various books, articles, compilation etc.
Annual Report of DBBL
Annual Report of REFL
Internal Publications of DBBL
Internal Publications of REFL
Bangladesh Bank web site (https://www.bb.org.bd/)
Dutch Bangla bank website (http://www.dutchbanglabank.com/)
Reliance Finance website (http://www.reflbd.com/)
Articles published on magazines and newspapers
Annual Reports of different banks and non-bank financial institutions
Bangladesh Bank Reports and several websites
Prior Research Reports

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1.4.3 Data analysis
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed according to acceptable
standards of practice. Different excel, tables and graphs were used to make the data
meaningful and comparable. Qualitative data were analyzed rationally and in comparison with
current market condition. Necessary percentages and averages were calculated and the
analyzed results were described step by step.
1.5 Limitation of the study
The study has suffered from a number of barriers-
Data from the two institution is highly confidential for the outside people and I had no
authority to use the core institutional software.
All the employees are very busy with their work, sometimes I had to wait more than one hour
for a piece of information.
Time is also a big constraint for my research. I have to submit a broader deal in a shorter form
of outcome. If I could get few more time to spend in collecting data for preparing my report
Constrain of resources.
Non availability of up to date data.
Sufficient books, publications, facts & figures were unavailable
1.6 Budget of the study
Printing---300
Travelling-100
Lunch------480
Telephone-50
Total------- 930/-

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1.7 Gantt chart:
Description of
the project
Time
Week
One
Week
Two
Week
Three
1.Assigning the report
2.Data Collection
3.Data analysis
4.Report Submission

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Chapter 2 Organizational profile
2.1 Bank
2.1.1 History of DBBL
Dutch-Bangla bank limited is a Bangladesh-European joint venture commercial bank
incorporated in 1995. With the permission of Bangladesh Bank Limited, commenced formal
commercial banking operation from the 3rd June 1996.
The Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) of the Netherlands is the international
sponsors of the bank. The FMO is the Dutch development bank of the Netherlands specialized
in the financing of private enterprises in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe.
Under a technical assistance grant from the FMO, ABN-AMRO bank of the Netherlands
provided technical assistance to Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited during the first year of operation of
the bank (1996-97.)
Dutch-Bangla bank limited (DBBL), primarily is a public company limited by shares, incorporated
in Bangladesh under company act 1994. It is also guided by the bank company act 1991 (and its
subsequent amendment) and Bangladesh Bank Ordinance 1972, so as to enable the company
for doing banking business. The word DUTCH implies that this is a joint venture company and
Dutch involvement is there.
During the formation stage several studies including preparation of per-investment feasibility
study, strategic plan, business plan, which inter-alia covers setting goals and objectives,
formulating strategic plan, forecasting financial profitability, analyzing SWOT etc. The investors
required to be convinced and satisfied with the goals, objectives, profitability and risk
involvement before making investment.
The strategies, objectives, goals etc. set for the bank before launching it.
2.1.2 Strategies:
1. Synchronized and steady growth of the bank.
2. Utilize all available resources to develop various plans, policies and procedures in each of the
objective and goal areas.
3. Implement plans policies and procedures.
4. Draw upon the connections, advice etc. of the foreign partners.

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5. Utilize a team of professional employees.
6. Search for a total customized solution of I.T. for the purpose of full automation step.
2.1.3 Vision and Mission of DBBL Bank
To provide excellent quality Customer service
To maintain Corporate and business ethics.
To become a trusted repository of customers' money and their financial advisor.
To make our stock superior and rewarding to the customers/shareholders.
To display team spirit and professionalism.
To have a Sound Capital Base.
This bank is one of the most disciplined Banks with a distinctive corporate culture. Here we
believe in shared meaning, shared understanding and shared sense making. Our people can see
and understand events, activities, objects and situation in a distinctive way. They mould their
manners and etiquette, character individually to suit the purpose of the Bank and the needs of
the customers who are of paramount importance to us. The people in the Bank see themselves
as a tight knit team/family that believes in working together for growth. The corporate culture
we belong has not been imposed; it has rather been achieved through our corporate conduct.
2.1.4 Business Objectives
1. Build up a low cost fund base.
2. Make sound loans and investments.
3. Meet capital adequacy requirement at all the time.
4. Ensure 100% recovery of all advances.
5. Ensure a satisfied work force.
6. Focus on fee-based income.
7. Adopt an appropriate management technology.
8. Install a scientific MIS to monitor bank’s activities.
All these were set during formation stage mainly for planning purpose. As you know planning is
a continuous process. All these need to be updated and reset commensuration the need of the
time.

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2.1.5 Branches
Dutch –Bangla bank limited have 146 branches around the country.
2.1.6 Social Partnership
With the focus of providing one counter service to clients, Dutch Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL)
has its journey. Dutch-Bangla Bank is a second generation commercial private Bank. Dutch
Bangla Bank supports social work extensively and is one of the largest private donors in
Bangladesh.
Under the vision of M Sahabuddin Ahmed, the bank contributes extensively through its
foundation Dutch Bangla Bank Foundation. This has been one of the biggest priority for the
bank since its inception. As a result the organization has been granted numerous national and
international awards for its role in the development of Bangladesh. The Dutch-Bangla Bank
Foundation was established under the vision of its founder chairman, M Sahabuddin Ahmed, in
order to help the people of Bangladesh. However, the continuous improvement of the services
will certainly place the bank in the best position in one decade.
In continuation of social cause
program, Dutch-Bangla Bank
awarded scholarship to 4,100
students as the 10th phase who
passed H.S.C/ equivalent
examination in 2014. Including
this 10th phase 20,495 students
are receiving DBBL scholarship
at a ceremony held at Shaheed
Shohrawardi Indoor Stadium,
Mirpur, Dhaka on May 16, 2015
Dutch-Bangla Bank donates Tk. 100.0 million to Faridpur Diabetic Association to meet up the
cost of construction of 5 floors (11th to 15th floor) of the Diabetic Association Medical College
& Hospital Building at Jhiltuly, Faridpur. In this regard an MOU (Memorandum of
Understanding) was signed between Faridpur Diabetic Association and Dutch-Bangla Bank on
6th May, 2015 at Bank’s Head Office.

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The Closing and Prize Distribution ceremony of 5th Dutch-Bangla Bank Golf Tournament-2015
was held on February 28, 2015 at Shaheen Golf and Country Club Patenga, Chittagong. The
program was organized by Shaheen Golf and Country Club, Patenga, Chittagong and sponsored
by Dutch-Bangla Bank.
Dutch-Bangla Bank donated 10,000 blankets to earthquake victims of Nepal which caused
death
of thousands of people besides colossal damage to infrastructure. Mr. K.S. Tabrez, Managing
Director of Dutch-Bangla Bank handed over a sample of the blankets to His Excellency Hari
Kumar Shrestha, the ambassador of Nepal in Bangladesh at a function held at a hotel in
Gulshan, Dhaka on 1st June, 2015. Dr. Atiur Rahman, Governor of Bangladesh Bank was present
at the function organized by Green Banking & CSR Department of Bangladesh Bank.
2.1.7 Prospects
You have already been informed that Dutch-Bangla bank limited is maintaining an upward
trend and increase of Deposit, loans and advances, import & export business and other banking
business activities. Following are brief features of new products for the customers.
a. Commission free remittance: Dutch Bangla bank limited has abolished commission on pay
orders, demand drafts & telegraphic transfers, which obviously maximizes customer benefit by
saving cost.

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b. Small Scale Credit Facility for Shop Owners: For small shop owners loan facility without
security for want of which they could not get banking support and compelled to avail the
informal source with unusually high rate of interest. Dutch-Bangla bank limited brought them
under the umbrella of banking service.
c. Small Scale Taxi and Transport Scheme: To have a hassle and pollution free, environment
friendly city ride and to ease the traffic congestion and modernize the transport system, Dutch-
Bangla bank limited has introduced comfort taxi cab, duranta and rider schemes. Duranta and
rider are urban minibus service.
d. Monthly Term Deposit: Depositing minimum of Tk. 50000.00 will allow an attractive monthly
earning and instant loan facility against the deposit.
e. Consumer Credit Scheme: You will be happy to know that DBBL has already introduce
Consumer Credit Company of USA has executed a contract with one of our local clients for
marketing their product through Dutch-Bangla bank limited under this scheme. We are actively
thinking to open the items as well as selling house for the clients.
f. Student Transport Scheme: DBBL is one of the pioneers in commercial vehicle financing such
as DURANTA, DIGANTA, RIDER, COMFORT TAXICAB etc. These schemes reflect the bank’s policy
to respond with the Government’s effort to make pollution and traffic jam free Dhaka City. In
line with the above success the bank has undertaken a new scheme entitled a ‘Student
Transport Scheme’ with an objective of financing transports at a lower cost for the educational
institutions. The financing scheme will provide loans to educational institution covering
government and private schools, colleges and universities for transport of the student.
g. Rescue Transport Scheme: As a part social commitment and with a view to take the medical
facility to the doors of the common people, DBBL has introduced transport scheme for hospital
and clinic entitle as ‘Rescue Transport Scheme’ and offered vehicles for First Aid Station, Mobile
Clinic and Ambulance at a lower cost.
h. Interest on Current Account: DBBL started paying interest on deposits on current account.
This is also a unique product of the bank.
Apart from the above the bank is always keen in developing the banking section, in general and
the DBBL, in particular with the help of its trained and efficient work force.

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2.2 Non-Bank Finance org.
2.2.1 History of REFL
Corporate History and Milestones
Reliance Finance Limited (REFL), began its journey in March 1996 as a Public Limited Company
under license from Bangladesh Bank to provide innovative financial services. Since inception,
REFL Company has been rendering prompt and cost effective financial services with distinctive
customer service. The Company has diversified its business and the growth has been steady and
satisfactory.
Key Milestone
4th March 1996 : Incorporation of the Company
11th April 1996 : Certificate of Commencement of Business
15th May 1996 : License from Bangladesh Bank as Non-Bank Financial Institute
under the Financial Institutions Act, 1993
8th September 1996 : Approval of Bangladesh Bank to open a Branch at Globe
Chamber, 5thfloor, 104, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka
01st August 2001 : Change of the name of the company from Bahrain Bangladesh
Finance & Investment Company Limited to Oman Bangladesh
Leasing & Finance Ltd.
18th January 2007 : Relocation of Company's Registered and Corporate Head Office
at 11/A, Toyenbee Circular Road, Motijheel, Dhaka.
12th January 2010 : Change of the name of the company from Oman Bangladesh
Leasing & Finance Ltd. to Reliance Finance Limited.
2.2.2 Strategies:
Strategic direction based on broad priorities and developed to build momentum
Cherish a sense of ownership

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Be customer centric
Grow as a team
Act with integrity & professionalism
Deal with respect
2.2.3 Vision and Mission of REFL
Vision
To lead the industry while generating value to the stakeholders, be the pioneer in setting
ethical standard and be everyone's investor.
Mission
To lead the industry by providing innovative financial products and services
To value to the shareholders with total satisfaction
To establish "customer-first" business strategy
To be a social responsible investor by making investment only in desirable industry
Provide employees with motivating work environment, opportunities for learning and career
development, competitive compensations and equal opportunities.
2.2.4 Business Objectives
Create synergetic effect by creating high quality and diversified portfolio
Provide diversified financial services with focused people
Appreciate uniqueness of each customer's requirements and serve the customers with product
flexibility
Diversification of sources of fund
Enhance corporate value through sustained growth.

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2.2.5 Branches
Reliance Finance have 5 branches
Head Offices
Sara Tower (5th Floor), 11/A, Toyenbee Circular Road, Motijheel, Dhaka-1000. Phone : 88-02-
9563371, 9570509, 7124773, 7118411, Fax : 88-02-9563370,
E-mail : info@reflbd.com, reflbd@yahoo.com
Website : www.reflbd.com
Agrabad Branch (Chittagong)
Ajmal Arcade (2nd Floor), 1806, Sk. Mujib Road, Pathantooly, Chittagong. Phone : +88-031-
714451-52, Fax : 88-031-710452,
E-mail : agrabad@reflbd.com, finance.reliance@yahoo.com
Dhanmondi Branch
Green Akshay Plaza (4'th Floor), Satmashjid Road, Jigatola Bus-stand (Near Rifles Square),
Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205,
Phone : +88-02-9661875, 9661789, Fax: +88-02-9661843
E-mail : dhanmondi@reflbd.com
GEC Branch (Chittagong)
Equity Centrium (Mezzanine Floor), O.R. Nizam Road, Near GEC Circle, Chittagong
Phone : +88-031-2558263, Fax: +88-031-2558264
E-mail : gec@reflbd.com
Uttara Branch
Tropical Rafa Tower (1st Floor), House #02, Road #12, Sector #06,
Uttara, Dhaka
Phone : +88-02-7911403, +88-02-7911027
E-mail : uttara@reflbd.com

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2.2.6 Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility has always been an integral part of REFL culture and the
cornerstone of our core values of good corporate citizenship. We believe our business financing
is to not only tie with the business progress but also with the development of the overall
economic growth that drives the development of the national at large. We believe our success
lies in the stewardship in ‘Triple Bottom Line’ for sustainability. This believes is reflected on our
Mission and our day to day business operation. In this document on Corporate Social
Responsibility Report - we are proud to share how actions support our mission to encompass
economic, social and ecological value to our stakeholders.
2.2.7 Prospects:
In quest of sustainable business, Reliance Finance Limited is positioning itself to provide
enduring value to our people, customers, shareholders, and the community. Our strategic
priorities remain to diversify portfolio with key focus on core product portfolio, manage balance
sheet prudently, simplify processes to reduce cost, create a sustainable brand, nurture our
human resources to deliver the best and uphold the livelihood of our community. We believe
that clustering strategic priorities in this manner will enable flawless execution of the medium
term strategic plan. Going forward, Retail and SME financial services would be our prime focus
in the leading portfolio. Recognizing SME segment’s value addition and employment generation
capabilities, we are keen to finance various initiatives especially start-up enterprises as well as
ones looking to scale up. We are planning to expand our business horizon in major cities/
township of the country. While we engage in doing business, we will be maintaining strict
compliance and good governance in norms and regulations to ensure long term sustainability of
the company. We will be engaging more on social ventures and community development.
Putting priority in ecological balance of the environment, we plan to grow together with our
stakeholders.

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Chapter 3 Literature Review
3.1 About banking sector
A commercial bank is- A type of financial institution & intermediary provides transactional
Savings Money market accounts and that accepts time deposits
List of Top Commercial banks in Bangladesh
United Commercial Bank Limited
Mutual Trust Bank Limited
BRAC Bank Limited
Eastern Bank Limited
Dutch Bangla Bank Limited
Dhaka Bank Limited
Islamic Bank Bangladesh Ltd
Uttara Bank Limited
Pubali Bank Limited
IFIC Bank Limited
National Bank Limited
The City Bank Limited
NCC Bank Limited
Prime Bank Limited
Southeast Bank Limited
Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited
Social Islami Bank Limited
Standard Bank Limited
One Bank Limited
Exim Bank Limited

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Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited
First Security Islami Bank Limited
The Premier Bank Limited
Bank Asia Limited
Trust Bank Limited
Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited
Jamuna Bank Limited
ICB Islami Bank
AB Bank
Marcantile Bank Limited
Citi bank
HSBC
Standard Chartered Bank
Commercial Bank of Ceylon
State Bank of India
Habib Bank Limited
National Bank of Pakistan
Woori Bank
Bank Al falah
ICICI Bank

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3.2 About Non-banking sector
Initially, NBFIs were incorporated in Bangladesh under the Companies Act, 1913 and were
regulated by the provision relating to Non-Banking Institutions as contained in Chapter V of the
Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972. But this regulatory framework was not adequate and NBFIs had
the scope of carrying out their business in the line of banking. Later, Bangladesh Bank
promulgated an order titled ‘Non-Banking Financial Institutions Order, 1989’ to promote better
regulation and also to remove the ambiguity relating to the permissible areas of operation of
NBFIs. But the order did not cover the whole range of NBFI activities. It also did not mention
anything about the statutory liquidity requirement to be maintained with the central bank. To
remove the regulatory deficiency and also to define a wide range of activities to be covered by
NBFIs, a new act titled ‘Financial Institution Act, 1993’ was enacted in 1993 (Barai et al. 1999).
Industrial Promotion and Development Company (IPDC) was the first private sector NBFI in
Bangladesh, which started its operation in 1981. Since then the number has been increasing
and in December 2006 it reached 29. Of these, one is government owned, 15 are local (private)
and the other 13 are established under joint venture with foreign participation.
The major business of most NBFIs in Bangladesh is leasing, though some are also diversifying
into other lines of business like term lending, housing finance, merchant banking, equity
financing, venture capital financing etc. Lease financing, term lending and housing finance
constituted 94 percent of the total financing activities of all NBFIs up to June 2006. A break-up
of their financing activities reveals that the share of leasing and housing finance in the total
investment portfolio of NBFIs has gradually decreased from 59 and 15 percent, respectively, in
2002 to 46 and 14 percent in June 2006. The share of term loans, on the other hand, has
increased from 20 percent to 34 percent during the same period implying increased focus on
the former. The evolvement of NBFI business activity is observed in Figure 1. It can also be
Seen from the figure that the portfolio mix of NBFIs has become quite stable from 2004.

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NBFIs offer services to various sectors such as textile, chemicals, services, pharmaceuticals,
transport, food and beverage, leather products, construction and engineering etc. The
percentage of the sector-wise distribution of NBFIs investment in 2005 is given in Figure 2.
Although an individual NBFI may have a different portfolio as per its business strategy, the
aggregated data shows that NBFIs mainly focus on real estate & housing (13%), power & energy
(12%), textile (11%) and transport sector (9%). Service (finance and business) is another area of
importance for NBFIs. From the perspective of broad economic sectors, investment in the
industrial sector (42%) dominated that in the service sector (33%) in 2005. NBFIs are also
exploring other sectors namely ‘pharmaceuticals & chemicals’, ‘iron, steel & engineering’,

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‘garments & accessories’, ‘food & beverage’ and ‘agro industries & equipment’. The weight of
these sectors is 23 percent of the total portfolio
Products and Services Offered by NBFIs
Non-Bank Financial Institutions play a key role in fulfilling the gap of financial services that are
not generally provided by the banking sector. The competition among NBFIs is increasing over
the years, which is forcing them to diversify to a wider range of products and services and to
provide innovative investment solutions. NBFIs appear to offer flexible options and highly
competitive products to help customers meet their operational and financial goals. The table
below provides a summary of the product range offered by existing NBFIs of Bangladesh.
Different Products and Services of NBFIs
Type of Activity Key Features Target

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Market Lease Financing
• Finance/Capital Lease
Operational Lease
Hire Purchase
Leveraged Leases
Provide a long-term solution that allows
customers to free up working capital
An operational lease entails the client
renting an asset over a time period that
is substantially less than the asset’s
economic life. It offers short-term
flexibility, which may allow the
customer to take advantage of off-
balance sheet accounting treatment.
A hire purchase is an alternative to a
lending transaction for the equipment
purchase. It is usually employed for
retail or individual financing of smaller
items, such as consumer products.
However, hire purchase option is also
suitable for business houses depending
on tax practices.
Leases generally for large transactions
involving three parties: a lessee, a lessor
and a funding source. These leases
infuse third-party non-recourse debt
underwritten by the customer’s ability
to raise capital in the public and private
capital markets for a significant portion
of the cost.
Corporate, SMEs ,
Individual business
enterprises.
Corporate, SMEs, individual
business enterprises.
Clients that have an
established credit history
with the institution can
manage the down payment
and assume a stake in the
leasing agreement.
Securities
ServicesBrokerage
Services CDBL Services as
full service Depository
Participant (DP) Mostly
corporate houses

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Type of Activity Key Features Target Market
Synthetic Leases
Sale/Leasebacks
Synthetic lease structure is generally
provided for property that retains value
over an extended period of time such as
aircraft, railroad rolling stock,
manufacturing equipment and certain
types of real estate.
Ideal for customers looking to generate
liquidity from their existing equipment
and reinvest the proceeds back into the
business.
Mostly corporate houses
Corporate, SMEs , individual
business enterprises
Home Loan and Real Estate
Financing
House loan and real estate financing is
extended for purchase of apartment and
house, construction of residential house,
purchase of chamber and office space for
professionals, purchase of office space
and display center, purchase and
construction of commercial building, real
estate developer for construction of
apartment project. Mostly mid to long
term in nature.
Individuals, Professionals, &
Corporate Bodies

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Short Term Loans
Factoring of Accounts
Receivables
Work Order Financing
Financing against invoices raised by the
supplier after making the delivery
successfully. Major Features are
Revolving Short Term Facility, Permanent
Assignment of Payment, Financing
against invoices, Post-delivery Financing
Finance against the assignment of bill
arising out of work orders on a revolving
basis. The company shall take
assignment of suitable work orders and /
or invoices and finance the client against
those.
Small and medium size
companies having regular
supplies to corporate bodies
Medium and large clients
with continuous flow of
work orders from customers
Corporate Finance
Bridge Finance
Syndication of Large Loans
Bridge Finance is a kind of Short Term
Finance extended in anticipation of
immediate long term financing such as
public issue, private placement, loan
syndication, lease syndication, loan,
lease & debenture.
Making available a large financing for a
corporate client. Arrange syndicated
financing in the mode of loan, lease,
equity, working capital, or any
combination thereof. Particularly useful
for large projects requiring large scale
investment and no single financier wants
to take the whole risk. Example:
Greenfield project.
Company going for an IPO
or expecting to avail a long
term loan or Working
Capital within one year or
so..
Financing new large project;
Financing BMRE (Balancing,
Modernization,
Replacement and
Expansion); Refinancing a
large project.

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Advisory Services
Merger and Acquisition
Securitization
Advisory services are comprehensive
financial, economic and strategic advice
to companies for growth, profitability,
and sustainability. This includes
providing wide range of services, such as
corporate counseling, project counseling,
capital restructuring, financial
engineering, diagnosing financial
problems.
Help find appropriate organization for
best possible synergy, conduct valuation
of companies and select suitable merger
and acquisition methods, negotiate and
execute deal beneficial for all the parties
involved.
Securitization is the issuance of financial
instruments backed by assets and/or
cash flows. This is one of the modern
financial services, which solves specific
type of financial needs of business
organizations.
All large corporate houses
Medium and large
corporate bodies
All corporate bodies
Type of Activity Key Features Target Market
Merchant Banking
Issue Management
The Issue Management group is
capable of devising innovative
solution for raising capital – debt
e.g. placement of bonds and
debentures, and raising equity
through private and public
placement – from the market
suiting the unique needs and

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Underwriting
Portfolio Management
Corporate Advising
constraints of the corporate
clients.
Underwriting refers to the
guarantee by the underwriters
that in the event of under-
subscription, the underwriter
will take up the under-
subscribed amount on pro-rata
basis upon payment of price of
that option
Merchant banks allow small
investors to open investor
account with merchant banks
and provide support for the
purchase and sales of shares .
Clients shall have absolute
discretionary power to make
investment decisions.
Through corporate advising, the
merchant bank helps the issuer
analyze its financing needs and
suggest various ways to raise
needed funds.
Corporate Bodies
Securities Services
Brokerage Services
Provide services for Trade
Execution (Dhaka and Chittagong
Stock Exchanges), Pre -IPO
private placement, Asset
allocation advice, Opportunities

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CDBL Services as full service
Depository Participant (DP)
for trading in different financial
instruments.
Apart from the brokerage
services, securities services also
provide the services like BO
(Beneficial Owner) accounts
opening and maintenance,
Dematerialization, Re-
materialization, Transfers and
multiple accounts movement,
Lending and borrowing etc.
Corporate Bodies

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Chapter – 4
4.1 About function of Dutch Bangla Bank
DBBL is offering Products and Services in three main forms:
Deposit
Term Deposit
Loan and Advances
1. DEPOSIT
Under Deposit the following products are available:
Savings Deposit Account
Current Deposit Account
Short Term Deposit Account
Resident Foreign Currency Deposit
Foreign Currency Deposit xi
Convertible Taka Account
Non-Convertible Taka Account
Exporter's FC Deposit (FBPAR)
Current Deposit Account-Bank
Short Term Deposit Account-Bank
2. TERMDEPOSIT

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Under Term Deposit the following products are offered:
Monthly Term Deposit
Term Deposit 3 Months
Term Deposit 24 Months 1 Year Payout
Term Deposit 36 Months 6 Months Payout
Term Deposit 36 Months 1 Year Payout
Term Deposit above 36 Months
Monthly Term Deposit Banks
Term Deposit 3 Months Banks
1 Month TD NFCD
Months TD NFCD
6 Months TD NFCD
3. LOAN AND ADVANCE
The followings are known as Loan and Advances products:
Loan against Trust Receipt
Transport Loan
Consumer Credit Scheme
Real Estate Loan (Res. & Comm.)
Loan against Accepted Bill

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Industrial Term Loan
Agricultural Term Loan
Lease Finance
Other Term Loan
FMO Local Currency Loan for SME
FMO Foreign Currency Loan
Cash Credit (Hypothecation)
Small Shop Financing Scheme
Overdraft
Automation
DBBL'S IT INFRASTRUCTURE: PRESENT AND FUTURE
Since the start of its operation, under the vision of Mr. M. Sahabuddin Ahmed -the founder
chairman of the Bank, Dutch-Bangla Bank has been continuously striving towards bringing
world-class technology driven banking services, and conveniences to its customers. As a result,
DBBL is the first and only Bank in Bangladesh to invest more than Taka 2 billion in developing
the largest ICT infrastructure in the banking sector of the Country.
OVERVIEW
DBBL owns and operates the largest ATM network of the Country comprising of 2705 ATMs as
of August 2015. The Bank is also the leader in POS terminal and internet banking services. As a
technology driven Bank, DBBL has implemented world reputed online banking software at all its
79 branches and 10 SME centers. DBBL also provides the following ancillary services:
Any Branch banking;
Online ATM/POS service;
Internet banking service; and
SMS and Alert banking service.

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The Bank also implemented Online Synchronous Disaster Recovery Site (DRS) to provide
uninterrupted and reliable banking convenience to the valued customers. DBBL's Synchronous
DRS is the first of its kind in Bangladesh. This makes DBBL the only Bank in the Country that can
best responds to natural disaster recovery.
MOBILE BANKING
Dutch Bangla Bank pioneered Mobile
Banking in Bangladesh. It was the first
bank to offer banking facilities through a
wide range of mobile phones. Mobile
Banking is a Banking process without
bank branch which provides financial
services to unbanked communities
efficiently and at affordable cost. To
provide banking and financial services,
such as cash-in, cash out, merchant
payment, utility payment, salary
disbursement, foreign remittance,
government allowance disbursement, ATM money withdrawal through mobile technology
devices, i.e. Mobile Phone, is called Mobile Banking.
BANGLADESH AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (BACH)
Bangladesh Bank is going to introduce first paperless Automated Clearing House in the Country
which is called as Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (BACPS) and Bangladesh
Electronic Fund Transfer Network (BEFTN). Both the systems will be implemented under
Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH) project. These projects are being implemented
under several reform measures taken by Bangladesh Bank to improve the safety and efficiency
in the payment system. DBBL has always been a leader in complying to the requirements of the
projects, like, Cheque personalization, Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) encoded
Cheque book issue, SystemIntegration Test (SIT) with Bangladesh Bank's live & DR sites. DBBL
was the first Bank to conduct a successful live test with Bangladesh Bank. The project is
progressing smoothly and expected start full-fledged operation soon.

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NEXT-GENERATION CARDS
All the distribution channels are EMV-compliant.
The EMV security policy has been introduced by
Europay, MasterCard and VISA jointly to protect
capturing card data and duplication of a card.
DBBL is the first Bank in Bangladesh to ensure
such security for our valued customers. DBBL has
also introduced EMV compliant chip based Credit
Cards for the first time in Bangladesh -which is the
most secure card in the world. The ATM / POS
network of the DBBL accepts the following cards: EMV compliant chip cards of all the banks in
the world; Non-EMV Visa & MasterCard cards of all the banks in the world; DBBL's proprietary
cards (Nexus); and Proprietary cards of all the partner banks in Bangladesh.
ATM
DBBL has put its level of innovation and standard of customer support to a new height by
setting another milestone in the
history of banking sector by adding
two units of Mobile ATM booths to
its existing ATM network. DBBL
has become the first Bank in the
Country to provide such unique
service and convenience to the
customers. The DBBL Mobile ATM
Booth, which is outfitted in a
custom-made van provides free
anywhere anytime banking
services in short notice. DBBL has
allowed other banks to join its
ATM/POS network. Partner banks
are charged a subsidized Tk.10 by
DBBL (but partner banks may levy
additional charges for end-consumer). Customers of the following partner banks in Bangladesh
are enjoying access to the DBBL ATM/POS network:
-Mutual Trust Bank Limited

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- Commercial Bank of Ceylon
- Standard Chartered Bank
- Bank Asia Limited
- National Credit & Commerce Bank Limited
- United Commercial Bank Limited
- South East Bank Limited
- The Prime Bank Limited
- The City Bank Limited
- First Security Bank Limited
- Mercantile Bank Limited
- Trust Bank Limited
- Jamuna Bank Limited
- Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited
- Janata Bank Limited
- Sonali Bank Limited
- National Bank Limited
GREEN IT
Dutch-Bangla Bank has always been careful about environment. DBBL has taken initiatives to
make its IT infrastructure a "Green IT". Environment friendly options like virtualization, power
management and proper recycling habits towards certifying our data centers as "Green" are
under process.
CALL CENTER
Considering the growing number of customers, card holders & transactions, DBBL has taken
steps to setup a Call Center. It will be a world renowned Cisco hardware-based call center
comprising of all the services a call center can provide, e.g, Interactive Voice Response (IVR) by
virtue of which the customer will be able to choose his options using the keypads of a touch or
cell phone and listen to the responses related to his account or card or transactions from the

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system. The hardware has already been setup. At present, the integration with the existing
systems are in progress.
UP GRADATION OF CORE BANKING SYSTEMS & ATM SWITCHING SYSTEMS
The number of branches of DBBL is growing steadily every year. The customer base is growing
every day. To cope with the huge volume of transaction and provide the customers the best
services using latest technology the Bank has decided to upgrade its core banking systemand
other related software & hardware. The Board of Directors has already approved required
budget and international tender has already been floated. The evaluation of the submitted
proposals are under process.
DBBL'S FUTURE IT PROJECTS
ATM EXPANSION
Dutch-Bangla Bank has planned to install another thousands more ATMs by the end of 2015
mainly to cover rural areas.
REORGANIZATION AND REDESIGN OF DELIVERY CHANNELS
Dutch-Bangla Bank is redesigning the delivery channels to make the entire systemmore
efficient and faster for the end consumers. After the redesign, clients will experience faster and
more personalized service.
E-PAYMENT GATEWAY
A payment gateway is an essential part of an Online Payment System. It is necessary in order to
process all of the following inter-bank on-line transactions:
1. Account-to-account transfer transactions or debit / credit card transactions on the web for
On-line merchant payment against purchase of goods and services;
2. Inter-bank ATM/POS transactions using debit / credit cards; and
3. Inter-bank Internet or SMS banking transactions for fund transfer (instant remittance) and
utility bill payment. Since there is no such systemin Bangladesh, Dutch-Bangla Bank is actively
considering to implement a payment gateway to facilitate the above e-commerce transactions.
This will be the first payment gateway setup in the Country to drive e-commerce transactions.

34 | P a g e
IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION FOR INTERNET BANKING
Internet banking has never taken off in Bangladesh due to an absence of identity verification.
DBBL's EMV compliant system allows accurate identity verification to allow full-fledged internet
banking services. DBBL will shortly implement this solution. DBBL's IT infrastructure is working
like the arteries of a human body. The effective, robust and reliable IT infrastructure is ensuring
the strong health for the Bank. DBBL is working round the clock without any downtime, offering
its customers the enjoyment of banking services. Banking has never been so easy, comfortable,
enjoyable, and yet secure. DBBL is relentlessly striving every moment to facilitate its customers
with the most advanced and secure technological environment. DBBL is undertaking new
projects in the field of automation to help meet customers’ needs.

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4.2 About function of Reliance Finance
LEASE FINANCE
The leasing provides financial flexibility to enterprises for procurement of capital assets without
blocking their own funds. Lease Financing is the principal fund based activity of Reliance
Finance Limited (REFL). Until now the company concentrated only on full payout financial lease
transaction for financing a wide range of capital machinery, equipment and vehicles. We offer
leasing as a modern financial instrument for managing corporate investments in movable
equipment. Our customers represent different segments of local markets. We provide services
to developing companies, stable middle-class enterprises and market-leading concerns. Now,
REFL provides the following two types lease facilities:
Asset Backed Lease Financing
Asset backed financing against industrial machineries, commercial equipments, office
equipments, generators, vehicles, vessels, engines, etc.
Sale & Lease Back
Financing against any of the existing (already procured/in-use) industrial machineries,
commercial equipments, office equipments, generators, vehicles, vessels, engines, etc.
WHOM DO WE FINANCE?
REFL offers mid and longer term financial solutions to a wide range of clienteles who are in
their journey to emerge as promising corporate houses in near future. Our portfolio comprises
of various private limited companies, partnership and proprietorship concerns with promising
business opportunities. We offer different financial products to the potential clients
considering the sponsors' credential, management strength, sales growth, technical soundness,
cost efficiency, future prospect and last but not the least their transaction behavior with other
lenders and associates, if any.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS

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The General Terms and Conditions are as follows:
Tenure
Generally 3-5 years
Maximum loan limit
Maximum limit depends on
Requirement and equity participation
Merit of the proposal
Mode of repayment
Equal monthly / quarterly Installment
Structured repayment as per requirement to match the cash flow.
Security
Collateral is to secure the finance is not mandatory in REFL. Rather the type and mode of
security depends on (i) the nature, experience and performance of the business (ii) past track
record of the sponsor(s) and (iii) the amount of financial facility to be enjoyed.
ADVANTAGES
Financial flexibility
Rather than having your capital tied in one purchase, leasing allows you to utilize that capital
elsewhere to general higher profits; it also reduces your cash outflow.
Off balance sheet financing
Since Prime Finance owns the equipment the leased equipment does not appear on your
balance sheet, your financial ratios improve.
No need to raise new capital

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Raising new equity or debt for capital expenditure has many constraints which can be avoided
when you opt for leasing.
Avoid budgetary constraints
When your budget does not allow you to buy equipment, leasing can make the acquisition
possible. Since rental payments are decided in advance, budgeting becomes easier.
Tax benefits
Lease rentals are treated as revenue expenditure and are entirely deductible for tax purposes.
This provides a greater tax benefit for you in comparison to borrowing.
In addition, Lease finance of REFL also provides-
Simple and quick processing
Competitive rate of interest
Continuous support
No Charges or Fees before approval
No hidden cost
Prompt service
TERM LOAN
The term loan facility will support
the long-term growth of businesses.
This type of loan is primarily used for
fixed asset financing, such as the
acquisition of capital machinery,
equipment and vehicles. Reliance
Finance Limited (REFL) provides both
short term and long term loans for
capital expenditure. The longer maturity loans can reduce the size of installment payments and
help improve the cash flow of the enterprises. Fully amortized equal payment or decreasing
payment schedule can also be arranged to ease repayment of debt obligations. REFL also
provides loan facilities to meet working capital requirements.

38 | P a g e
WHOM DO WE FINANCE?
REFL offers mid and longer term financial solutions to a wide range of clienteles who are in
their journey to emerge as promising corporate houses in near future. Our portfolio comprises
of various private limited companies, partnership and proprietorship concerns with promising
business opportunities. We offer different financial products to the potential clients
considering the sponsors' credential, management strength, sales growth, technical soundness,
cost efficiency, future prospect and last but not the least their transaction behavior with other
Tenure
3-5 years for term finance
1-2 years for Short Term Finance
Maximum loan limit
Mode of repayment
Security

39 | P a g e
ADVANTAGES
Continuous support
No hidden cost
Prompt service
SME LOAN
Small Business is a loan facility designed to finance small scale trading, manufacturing and
service ventures, especially to help small and medium entrepreneurs to meet their short-term
cash flow shortages and bridge the fund-flow gaps. Reliance Finance Limited (REFL) promotes
small and medium entrepreneurs through its SME Finance Scheme. The aimis to provide
quality service to the entrepreneurs with potential and innovative ideas.
WHOM DO WE FINANCE?
Small and Medium Enterprises involved in business with a proven track record are primarily
eligible for the scheme. We offer different financial products to the potential clients considering
the sponsors' credential, management strength, sales growth, technical soundness, cost
efficiency, future prospect and last but not the least their transaction behavior with other

40 | P a g e
TENURE
3-5 years for lease and term finance
MAXIMUM LOAN LIMIT
MODE OF PAYMENT
INSURANCE COVERAGE
Leased assets are to be duly insured covering all possible risk and premiums are to be paid by
the lessee.
SECURITY
security depends on (i) the nature, experience and performance of the
business (ii) past track record of the sponsor(s) and (iii) the amount of financial facility to
be enjoyed.

41 | P a g e
ADVANTAGES
Continuous support
No hidden cost
Prompt service
LOAN OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR
Women Entrepreneur Loan is a loan facility for small and medium sized business, which are
operated by women entrepreneurs. The product offers terminating loan facilities for the
purpose of working capital finance and/or fixed assets purchase.
Eligibility
* Entrepreneurs with minimum 2 years’ experience in the same line of business
* Business must be a going concern with at least 2 years in operation
Loan Limit:
* From BDT 3 lac to BDT 50 lac

42 | P a g e
Interest Rate
* @ 10% Lowest interest rate in the market
Key Features
* Loan without any collateral up to BDT 15 lac.
* Loan for Working Capital Finance and/or Lease finance for business
* Borrower having loan with other financial institute can also avail Loan
* Convenient repayment options of Equated Monthly Installment and Customized
Repayment Schedule
* Quick, quality door step customer service
CORPORATE FINANCE
This Corporate Finance Division has been accommodating the financing needs of different
corporate bodies (both local and multi-national), social organizations, government
organizations and other institutions. Its products and services range from term lending for
business expansion to short term working capital facilities for regular operational needs of the
client. These are tailored to meet the specific requirements of the client based on the needs of
the industry or business.
WHOM DO WE FINANCE?
REFL offers mid and longer term financial solutions to a wide range of clienteles to local
corporate houses and multinational companies operating in Bangladesh to cater mid and longer
term financial needs in order to meet diversified requirements. We offer a range of financial
services which includes, but not limited to:
A Lease Financing
Asset backed financing against industrial machineries, commercial equipments, office
equipments, generators, vehicles, vessels, engines, etc.
Sale & Lease Back
Financing against any of the existing (already procured/in-use) industrial machineries,
commercial equipments, office equipments, generators, vehicles, vessels, engines, etc.

43 | P a g e
Term Loan
For meeting various regular capital/fixed expenditures like balancing of production line,
modernization of manufacturing process, expansion of capacity and space, etc.
Project financing - Fixed cost
For setting up of a new unit as addition to the existing product line and capacity, a new concern
of an existing group, a new Joint Venture project of an existing company, etc. Financial solution
for the entire project may be provided through mix of different financial tools from wide range
of services offered by REFL.
Preferred Equity Investments
If clients raise funds through preferred share, REFL corporate division makes financing by
purchasing the shares. REFL gets payments usually through redemption of the preferred shares
over the tenure
Bridge Financing
For meeting the funding requirements of the
borrower for any interim period REFL
corporate division makes financing usually
for shorter term period.
Refinancing of existing liabilities
For matching the repayments with cash flows, allowing some more time for repayment,
releasing working capital limits (which got exhausted due to meeting capital expenditures using
short term credit lines) refinancing of existing good quality liabilities is made.
Specialized product: arrange special funds
Financing is also arranged for large corporate houses through special funds from Local and
International Development Agencies, Central Banks, Government agencies, etc. based on its

44 | P a g e
availability and eligibility criterion of the project/financing. REFL uses its strategic alliances and
local and international associations for arranging such funds
General Terms and Conditions
Tenure
Tenor will vary on the characteristics of the financial products. Generally
3-5 years for Lease and term finance
Maximum loan limit
Mode of repayment
Security
Advantages
Continuous support
No hidden cost

45 | P a g e
Prompt service
STRUCTURED AND SYNDICATION FINANCE
A syndicated facility is a lending facility, defined by a single loan arrangement, in which several
or many banks and institutional investors participate to diversify the total risk of financing large
scale projects. For financial ventures requiring large-scale investment, the Structured and
Syndicate Finance Division caters to this segment of the financial industry taking part at
different times as lead arrangers, co-arrangers, participant lender and facility manager or agent.
It has successfully implemented various projects by providing financial services, consultation
and loan documentation.
What We Do
Conducting due diligence of the client
Find the right consortium partners and negotiate acceptable terms and conditions
Preparing Information Memorandum (IM)
Distributing IM to the targeted financial institutions
Preparing legal documents and coordinating disbursement
Required Time:
The entire process is usually completed within 3-6 months. However, this may vary based on
the complexity of the deal.
TERM DEPOSIT

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Deposit Schemes:
1. Short Term Deposit
2. Semi Annual & Annual Term Deposit
3. Double Money Deposit
4. Monthly Benefit Scheme
5. Quarterly Benefit Scheme
Deposit Rates:
Term Deposit
Term Interest rate
1 Year 11.50%
6 Months 11.00%
3 Months 10.50%
Double Money Deposit
Term

47 | P a g e
6 Years
Benefit Scheme
Particular With E-tin Without E-tin
Monthly Benefit Scheme BDT 860/- BDT 815/-
Quarterly Benefit Scheme BDT 2580/- BDT 2445/-
* The Interest rate will be subject to Income TAX & Excise Duties as per Govt. rules &
regulations.
**This rate will be effective from 15 July, 2015 and will continue until further notice.

48 | P a g e
Chapter 5
The functional differences of Bank and Non-bank finance organization based on Dutch Bangla
Bank Limited and Reliance Finance Limited:
1. DBBL issue Debit and credit card but REFL can not do so.
2. DBBL can issue current account but REFL can not do so.
3. DBBL provides internet banking service but REFL can not do so.
4. REFL provides more interest than DBBL on Deposit.
5. DBBL provides mobile banking but REFL can not do so.
6. According to Bangladesh Bank’s new law REFL cannot provide any kind of deposit less than 3
months,
But there is no such rule for DBBL.
7. DBBL can invest in call money market but REFL don’t have such permission.
8. REFL can lend money to business within shortest possible time but DBBL can not do so.
9. For loan purpose from DBBL the lender must have a bank account but there is no such
obligation from REFL
10. DBBL loan procedures are more complicated than REFL
11. DBBL have student policies but REFL don’t have so.

49 | P a g e
12. DBBL have children policies but REFL don’t have so.
13. DBBL is interested with general people more where REFL prefer business institution.
14. In financial sector DBBL have lot of experience than REFL
15. REFL personals are more efficient than DBBL.

51 | P a g e
Chapter 6
Recommendation
DBBL:
The bank should higher export who can understand the future economic situation and can take
initiative based on the forecast. Again the bank can achieve success fromthe economy if they
can handle the situation efficiently.
Bank should improve their research Centre and training Centre to enrich the knowledge
regarding Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (UCPDC).
I recommend that the bank improve its management of international division who are
responsible for handling their foreign exchange related risk.
Again the bank should maintain correspondence relationship with the bank that will them to
settle payment and receipt regarding foreign exchange transaction.
The bank should aware about their customer to meet up their demand to maintain their
goodwill.
Bangladesh is a developing country. Many people of our country live in many countries. So,
it is important to maintain foreign exchange department in every banks.
Foreign exchange department of DBBL should enrich by new technology to make a good
competition among the banks.
REFL:
It was very difficult to find out any significant negative sides of Reliance Finance Limited among
its numerous positive sides in term of profitability. However there are few problems need to be
corrected by the management of the institution. Some necessary steps are recommended
below on the basis of collected data, observation, expert staffs’ opinion and my knowledge and
judgment:
Net profit was in a sharp rise in the recent past. The company should try to keep the
momentum going.
Operating revenue has significant effect on net profit. So the company should look to maximize
operating revenue as much as possible.

52 | P a g e
Operating expense has significant effect on net profit. So the company should look to minimize
operating expense as much as possible.
Term deposit also has significant effect on net profit. So the company should attract more
depositors to deposit with attractive deposit scheme
Total Equity directly affect the NAV of the company and investors pays a huge attention on NAV
so company should always try to increase the Total Equity.
REFL should try to expand their financial services widely,
Conclusion:
The findings of the paper cannot be taken as conclusion and it will be wrong to end here with
such a result. Because this study gives a simple picture and leaves room for further study in
different areas of Bank and Non-Bank Financial Institutions functions like different kind of loan
and deposit and other related financial activities .The impact of government policy in the
performance of Dutch Bangla Bank limited is also not studied in this study which must have
significant impact on the performance of Reliance Finance Limited. Further study also can be
concluded on post and performs of both sector.
However, the study provides managers with understanding of activities that would improve
their financial performance. The result of this study imply that it might be necessary for the
management of Reliance Finance Limited and Dutch Bangla Bank Limited to take all the
required recommendation to enhance their financial position and provide better services for
their clients.

53 | P a g e
References & Appendix
References:
1. Dutch Bangla Bank Shat masjid Branch
2. Reliance Finance Dhanmondi Branch
3. Bangladesh Bank web site (https://www.bb.org.bd/)
4. Dutch Bangla bank website (http://www.dutchbanglabank.com/)
5. Reliance Finance website (http://www.reflbd.com/)
6. Financial Market and Institutions book by Jeff Madura
7. https://www.wikipedia.org/
8. https://www.google.com.bd/
9. Annual report of DBBL
10. Annual report of REFL

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Appendix:
Q-1: What is the functional differences of a bank with non-bank finance institution?
Q-2: What is non-bank finance institution?
Q-3: What are the deposit screams provided by bank?
Q-4: What are the deposit screams provided by non-bank finance?
Q-5: What are the loan screams provided by bank?
Q-6: What are the loan screams provided by non-bank finance?
Q-7: How non-bank finance institutions can attract deposit?
Q-8: How can non-bank finance institutions loan screams are more attractive than bank?
Q-9: What are the prospects of Bank?
Q-10: What are the prospects of non-bank finance institution in Bangladesh?
Q-11: What are the new projects taken by DBBL?
Q-12: What are the new projects taken by REFL?
Q-13: What are the default rate of DBBL?
Q-14: What are the default rate of REFL?

Functional differences between a bank and non-bank financial institution part 2

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