Brings the discussion about benefits of SmallCells in order for capturing high density traffic. Also, presents new 5G architecture and technologies for high capacity supporting, such as: mmWave support; massive MIMO; beamforming; New Radio Design; virtualization in the edge;

1. LTE 5G LATIM AMERICA 2017
Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas
Ger. Estratégia Tecnologica e Integração de Serviços
What RAN and Small Cell
Developments Will Make 5G
a Reality?
Alberto Boaventura

2. Traffic
Reveue
Voice Data
Changes ...
Rapid and consistent mobile
broadband consolidation,
doubling year over year, will
bring a tsunami of data traffic,
representing in 2020 1000x of
the traffic in 2010.
Mobile Data Traffic
Dozens of billions of connected
devices foreseen by industry
(GSMA, Ovum,
MachinaResearch etc.) on
upcoming decade.
Internet of Things
All customer requirements are
not equal. It is worthwhile to
discover which attributes of a
product or service are more
important to the customer.
Negative perception of services
is the major reasons for
changing of service provider
Customer Experience
Main broadband dilemma:
Traffic and Revenue
decoupling.
It brings a continuous research
for cost effective and affordable
solutions.
Flat Revenue
1000x

3. ...Challenges
More Spectrum: Licensed, Shared or
Unlicensed;
New Technology;
New Cell Site;
Spectral Efficiency;
Spatial Efficiency;
Interference Control;
Capacity & Resource Management
More Capacity;
More Elasticity;
More Resiliency;
More Granularity;
Low latency;
Self Organized;
Synchronization;
Service and Network State Awareness;
Network Slicing;
Architecture Evolution
Multiple technologies and costs;
Service, technology and spectrum
balancing;
Device subsidy;
Spectrum refarming;
Lifecycle Management
+
vs
vs ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
256QAM

4. Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) 5G Vision
USE CASES BUSINESS MODEL VALUE CREATION
Asset
Provider
Connectivity
Provider
Partner
Service
Provider
XaaS; IaaS; NaaS; PaaS
Network Sharing
Basic Connectivity
Enhanced Connectivity
Operator Offer Enriched by Partner
Parter Offer Enriched by Operator
Broadband Access in
Dense Areas
Broadband Access
Everywhere
Higher User Mobility Massive Internet of Things
Extreme Real-Time
Communications Lifeline Communications
Ultra-reliable
Communications Broadcast-like Services HIGH RELIABLE AND FLEXIBLE NETWORK
SERVICEEXPERIENCETRUST
Security
Identity
Privacy
RealTime
Seamless
Personalized
Interaction&
Charging
QoS
Context
“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation
towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent
experience, and enabled by sustainable business models”
Requirements
Attribute 3GPP Release 12 NGMN Requiremnents
Data rate per user Up to 100 Mbps on average
Peaks of 600 Mbps (Cat11/12)
> 10 X expected on average and peak rates
> 100 X expected on cell edge
End-toend latency 10 ms for two-way RAN (pre-
scheduled)
Typically up to 50 ms e2e I
> 10X (smaller)
Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h
No support for civil aviation
> 1,5 X
Spectral Efficiency DL: 0,074-6,1 bps/Hz
UL: 0.07-4.3 bps/Hz
Pushing for substantial increase
Connection Density 2000 Active Users/km2 > 100 X

5. ITU Vision for 5G
Attribute IMT Adavanced (4G) IMT 2020 (5G)
Peak Data Rate DL: 1 Gbps
UL: 0.05 Gbps
DL: 20 Gbps
UL: 10 Gbps
User Experience
Data Rate
10 Mbps 100 Mbps
Peak Spectral
Efficiency
DL: 15 bps/Hz
UL: 6.75 bps/Hz
DL: 30 bps/Hz
UL: 15 bps/Hz
Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h
No support for civil aviation
500 km/h
Connection
Density
100k devices/km2 1 million devices/km2
Network Energy
Efficiency
1 100x over IMT Advanced
Area Traffic
Capacity
0,1 Mbps/m2 10 Mbps/m2
Enhanced Mobile
Broadband
Massive
Machine Type
Ultra-Reliable &
Low Latency
Smart
Cities
Smart
Homes
Building
3D vídeo,
UHD,
Virtual
Reality
Augmented
Reality
Industry
Automation
Self
Driving
Car
Connected
Cars
Remote
Surgery
MASSIVE MACHINE TYPE ULTRA-RELIABLE & LOW LATENCY ENHANCED MOBILE BROADBAND
• Huge number of devices
• Lower Cost
• Long Battery Life
• Web Access
• Video Applications: Conferencing, Broadcast
• Virtual and Augmented Reality
• Connected Cars
• Remote Surgery
• Industrial IoT
• Critical MTC
• Self Driving Cars

6. 5G Potential Technologies
1=0º
1=45º
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180
...
p1
p2
pN

 Native M2M support
 A massive number of connected devices
with low throughput;
 Low latency
 Low power and battery consumption
hnm
h21
h12
h11
 Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more
 System capacity increases in fucntion of
number of antennas
 Spatial-temporal modulation schemes
 SINR optimization
 Beamforming
 Enables systems that illuminate and at the
same time provide broadband wireless data
connectivity
 Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light
emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state
lighting (SSL);
 Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN)
photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes
(APDs)
C-plane (RRC)
Phantom Celll
Macro
Cell
F1
F2
F2>F1
U-plane
D2D
 Phantom Cell based architecture
 Control Plane uses macro network
 User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in
another frequency such as mm-Wave and
high order modulation (256 QAM).
Net
Radio
Core
Cache
 Access Network Caching
 Network Virtualization Function
 Cloud-RAN
 Dynamic and Elastic Network
 5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for
Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)
 Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) :
Potential extension to OFDM ;
 Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC):
Sustainability fragmented spectra.
 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
 Sparse-Code Multiple Access (SCMA)
 High modulation constellation
MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME
 New protocol for shared spectrum
rational use
 Mitigate and avoid interference by
surrounding radio environment and
regulate its transmission accordingly.
 In interference-free CR networks, CR
users are allowed to borrow spectrum
resources only when licensed users do
not use them.

7. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020+
Release 16 &
5G Enh (ITU)
Release 15 & 5G
SI/WI (sub 40 GHz)
Evaluation &
Specification
Proposal
Submission
Tech. Requirements &
Eval. Methodology
Vision, Technology & Spectrum
5G Timeframe
WRC15WRC12 WRC19
Trials and CommercializationStandardization ActivitiesPre-standardizationExploratory Research
First Release
White Paper
Requirements &
Tech. feasibility
Release 14 & 5G SIRelease 10-13
NFV Phase 3NFV Phase 2NFV Phase 1
MEC Phase 2MEC Phase 1
RG on Cloud based Mobile Core Net.
for 5G
Evolution to SDN Open FlowOpen Daly Light
Open Flow v1.2
Google
Intensivelyandextensivelyeffortfromoverall
standardizationboards
Trial of basic
functionality Tests IoT and deployment

8. LTE-PROLTE-ALTE
LTE Evolution and SmallCell Capacity Improvement
Carrier Aggregation
Intra & Inter Band
Band X
Band y
256 QAM
Smallcells Heterogeneous
Network
Colaboration MIMO
(CoMP) & HetNet
High Order DL-MIMO
& Advanced UL-MIMO
C-plane (RRC)
Phantom Celll
Macro
Cell F1
F2
F2>F1
U-plane
D2D
New Architecture
20 MHz OFDM
SC-FDMA
DL 4x4 MIMO
SON,
HeNB
Carrier Aggregation
UL 4x4 MIMO
DL/UL CoMP
HetNet (x4.33)
MU-MIMO (x1.14)
eICIC
CoMP
Small Cells Enh.
Fe-ICIC/CoMP Enh. (x 1.3)
FD-MIMO (x3.53)
DiverseTraffic Support
256 QAM (x1.33)
Dual Connectivity/LAA/LWA
D2D/Proximiy Services
InternetEPC
LTE+
LTE-U/LAA
MuLTEFire ... ...
Freq.
20 MHz
Channel
s
Clear
Channel
X2
Victim Cell
P1 P2
Unlicensed Spectrum & Spectrum Sharing MU-MIMO/FD-MIMO eICIC/FeICIC
64 QAM
256 QAM
+33%

9. Why SmallCells?
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0,0 Mbps/km2
500,0 Mbps/km2
1000,0 Mbps/km2
1500,0 Mbps/km2
2000,0 Mbps/km2
0,250 km0,350 km0,450 km0,550 km
DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC
Coverage
Radius
Capacity
2015
Capacity
2016
Capacity
2017
A +63%
C
D
+61%
+54%
B
TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OWNERSHIP
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x
2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Legend Notes:
2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario;
+1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz;
+1800 (10): Additional 10 MHz;
SmallCell: Using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz
TCO

A B C
Indifference
between Macro
1800 & 2600
MHz
Macro LTE
1800 MHz for
coverage
Dual layer
Macro LTE 1800
& 2600 MHz
181
265
890
SmallCell
2600 MHz
𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔
𝒌𝒎 𝟐
X

DEMANDS
Source: SmallCells Forum
INDOOR TRAFFIC
39%
32%
14%
4%
11%
In Car
At Home
At Work
Travelling
Others
The indoor traffic density can be thousand times higher than outdoor:
the number of persons per km2 in stadium, can reach 1 Million! If all
persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2
Voice Originating Call
INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE
0 bps/Hz
4 bps/Hz
8 bps/Hz
12 bps/Hz
-130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm
3GPP (LTE) Shannon
OutdoorIndoor
Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, that reduces
around of 50% overall performance of outdoor macro sites;
RSRP 
50% and 80% of
voice and data
traffic
respectively are
performed indoor.
≈-50%

10. Why Centralizing?
● Capacity & Coverage:
– C-RAN = 30 x D-RAN: C-RAN can easily implement CoMP and e-ICIC, which can together increase
system capacity in 30 times distributed network;
– Traffic Optimization. C-RAN optimizes pool of resources in unbalanced traffic areas;.
– Indoor Coverage. 50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor
environment, and indoor traffic density can represent 10-100 times outdoor environment;
– Economic Solution. Accordingly to Airvana , C-RAN is 69% cheaper than DAS;
● Transmission & Infrastructure:
– Low Latency. e-ICIC and CoMP have tighter latency requirement below 10 micro seconds.
– Network Synchronization. It can be simplified by requiring synchronism in less centralized sites
– Opex Reduction. Space/Colocation, air conditioning and other site support equipment's power
consumption can be largely reduced. China Mobile estimates a reduction of 71% of power
saving comparing to Distributed Cell Site;
● Rollout, Operation & Maintenance:
– Faster Rollout. Due simpler remote cell site that reduces 1/3 comparing to D-RAN.
– Multi-Tenant BBUs. Few big rooms, it is much easier for centralized management and
operation, saving a lot of the O&M cost associated with the large number of BS sites in D-RAN.
● TCO:
– Accordingly to China Mobile, 15% and 50% of CapEx and OpEx savings respectivelly comparing
to Distributed RAN
Core
Net.
BBU
TDM
IP
BBU
BBU
Core
Net.
Fronthaul
Backhaul IP
BBU
BBU
BBU
eICIC CoMP
Distributed RAN Centralized RAN
Coherent transm. &
Non-Coherent transm.
Instantaneous
Cell Selection
X2
X2
ABS
Protected
Subframe
Aggressor Cell Victim Cell
X2
Identifies
interfered UE
Requests ABS
Configure
s ABS ABS Info
Measurement Subset Info
Uses ABS and
signals Patern

11. NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION
WHy Virtualizing?
SDN
applications
SDN
controllers
Network
Resources
Programmatic control
of abstracted network
resources (application-
control interface)
Logically centralized
control of network
resources (resource-
control interface)
Source: ITU-T Y.3300
Acceleration of innovation: Accelerates business
and/or technical innovation through more flexibility of
the network operations, thus making trials easier;
Accelerated adaptation to customer demands:
Dynamic negotiation of network service characteristics
and of dynamic network resource control;
Improved resource availability : Improves network
resource availability and efficiency,
Service-aware networking: Allows network
customization for the network services which have
different requirements, through the programming of
network resource operations, including the dynamic
enforcement of a set of policies.
Hardware Resources
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
Virtualization Layer
VNF ...
NFVManagementand
Orchestration
Compute Storage Network
NFV Infrastructure
Virtual
Compute
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
VNF VNF VNF
CapEx: Reduces equipment costs by consolidation,
leveraging the economies of scale;
OpEx: Reduces power consumption, space and
collocation costs, improved network monitoring.
O&M: Improves operational efficiency by taking
advantage of a homogeneous physical platform
Deployment: Easily, rapidly, dynamically provision
and instantiate new services in various locations (i.e.
no need for new equipment install)
Time to market: Minimizing a typical network
operator cycle of innovation.
Service differentiation: Rapidly prototype and test
new services
Source: ETSI
NFV+SDN => MOBILE NETWORK
SDN can enable, simplify and automate NFV
implementation
Mobile Network Simplification: Common functions
optimized for RAN , EPC and transport .
Traffic Optimization : Network status awareness
allows to optimize traffic by observing e2e congestion
level, system capacity and element capabilities.
Resilience: SDN provides greater visibility at the
network level, regardless of whether the network concept
is Layer 2, Layer 3 or even Layer 4.
Power Management: Power consumption of wireless
network elements can be optimized in real-time.
Spectrum and Interference Management: Opens a
new range of interference mitigation and spectrum
optimization techniques at the network level.
SDN
applications
SDN
controllers
Network
ResourcesHardware Resources
Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)
Virtualization Layer
VNF ...
NFVManagementand
Orchestration
Compute Storage Network
NFV Infrastructure
Virtual
Compute
Virtual
Storage
Virtual
Network
VNF VNF VNF
SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK

12. MEC – Mobile Edge Computing (Multiple Access Edge Computing)
● Main Idea
– Brings the cloud closer to the network edge
– Opens the edge for application from 3rd parties
– Provides services to enhance application with context
information to benefit from running near the edge
– Enables ultra low latency and traffic redirection
– Location does not matter.
● Benefits
– Proximity
– Ultra-low Latency
– High Bandwidth
– Real time access to radio network and context information
– Location awareness
● Framework
– Specfied in ETSI GS MEC 003
– Aligned with NFV principles
– Focuses on what is unique about Mobile Edge
– Allows flexibility in deployment
Mobile Edge Host
Mobile Edge AppMobile Edge
App
Virtualization Infrastucture
(NFVI)
Mobile
Edge
Platform
Mobile Edge Host Level Manag.
Virtualization Infrastucture
Manager
Mobile
Edge
Platform
Maganer
Mp1 Mp2
Mm5
Mm7
Mm6
Mobile Edge System Level Management
Mobile Edge
Orchestrator
User App
LCM Proxy
Mm8
Mm1
Mm2
Mm3
CFS Portal
UE App
Mx1
Mx2
NetworksMobileEdgeHostLevelMobileEdgeSystemLevel
Wi-Fi/FemtoLTE (MCN/SCN) NR (MCN/SCN) LPWA GPON/XGPON/G.Fast/XGFast
OSS

13. Role of mmWave in 5g SmallCells
3000 MHz 3500 MHz 4000 MHz 4500 MHz 5000 MHz 5500 MHz 6000 MHz
B42 Satellite B46
Mobile Broadband & Critical Mission Applications – Indoor
3 - 6 GHz
400 MHz 900 MHz 1400 MHz 1900 MHz 2400 MHz 2900 MHz
B31 Broadcast B28 B20 B5 B8 B32 B3 B1 B40 ISM B7
Long Range for Massive Internet of Things (IoT)
< 1GHz
Mobile Broadband & Critical Mission – Outdoor
1 – 3 GHz
20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz
K Band Ka Band Ka Band Ka Band V Band V Band
V Band V Band V Band V Band W Band W Band
Extreme Mobile Broadband & Short Range
> 6GHz & cm/mmWave
> 6 GHz
~30 GHz
1-6 GHz
~ 3 GHz
<1 GHz
~0.3 GHz
Huge Spectrum Capacity & Large Channels

14. Role of mmWave in 5g SmallCells
MMWAVE  SMALL DISTANCE & SENSORS  LARGE ARRAYS
NARROW BEAMS  BEAMFORMING AND SPATIAL REUSEMASSIVE MIMO  HUGE CAPACITY AND COVERAGE IMPROVEMENT
h11
h12
h21
h22
𝒀 =
𝒉 𝟏𝟏 𝒉 𝟏𝟐
𝒉 𝟐𝟏 𝒉 𝟐𝟐
𝑿 + 𝒏
4x
3x
2x
1x
Capacity
Coverage 𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏+, 𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑵 𝑻𝒙, 𝑵 𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑺𝑵𝑹
𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~, 𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑵 𝑻𝒙, 𝑵 𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
LARGE ARRAYS  NARROW BEAMS & MASSIVE MIMO
...
p1
p2
pN

∆𝜽 𝑨𝒑=
𝟐
𝒅
𝝀
𝑵
1
2
N
• Reduce interference (better SINR)
• Spectrum reuse (multiple users share same
channel)
𝜸(𝚫)
𝚫
















Nsen
senN
Nsen
senN
1
2
2
1)(
2

)()()( 1  aaG H

...
p1
p2
pN


d d dd dd

Z(t)
p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7p1

Ericsson & IBM Module
• Azimuth Beamforming
• Elevation Beamforming
• 3D Beamforming
𝒅 ≈
𝝀
𝟐

15. New Radio (NR) design
MBMS
DL DL UL UL UL UL
D2D
Forward
compatibility
Integrated
Framework
Mission-Critical
Self-cotained
integrated subframe
Dynamic UL/DL
15 kHz
30 kHz
60 kHz
120 kHz
Outdoor &
Macro coverage
FDD/TDD< 3GHz
Outdoor &
SmallCells
TDD > 3GHz
Indoor
wideband
TDD 5GHz
mmWave
TDD
Scalable Numerology with Scaling
of Subcarrier Spacing
Scalable
Transmission Time
Interval (TTI)
Shorter TTI for
low latency &
high reliability
Longer TTI for
higher spectral
efficiency
Spectral
Efficiency
Complexity
MUAC
(1 GC)
MUAC
(no GC) PAPR
ACLR
CP-OFDM
SC-FDMA
UFMC
GFDM
FBMC
Spectral
Efficiency –
Short Packet
Spectral Efficiency Low Complexity
Frequency
Localization
Low Power
Consumption
Asynchronous
Multiplexing
Coexistence with New Modulation
and Code Schemes
Source: Based on
Qualcomm material

16. Transmission Concerns
FRONTHAUL HIGH TRANSMISSION CAPILLARITY
Split for function centralization can happen on
each protocol layer or on the interface between
each layer.
Currently, LTE implies certain constraints on
timing as well as feedback loops between
individual protocol layers.
Depending on resource scheduling and
coordination requirements will be needed,
different schemes of centralized vs distributed
protocol stacks can be used;
It can flexibilize the overall fronthaul requirements;
WHAT TO VIRTUALIZE
RF
PHY
MAC
RRM
AC/LC
NM
RF
PHY
MAC
RRM
AC/LC
NM
How much to centralize
Executed
at RRH
Centralized
Executed
Centralized
Executed
SDRMonolithic
Executed
at BTS
Middle Range
Virtualization
Source: IEEE Communications Magazine
BBU
CPRI
OBSAI
ETSI ORI
Data
Control
Sync
RRU/
RRH
BBU N
BBU 2
BBU 1
CRAN
246 Mbps 1200 Mbps 2500 Mbps
9830 Mbps
WCDMA (1
Carrier)
LTE (MIMO
2x2, 10 MHz)
LTE (MIMO
2x2, 20 MHz)
WCDMA + LTE
CRAN requires a tighter latency requirement for
interefrence control (e-ICIC and CoMP) - In
general IP backhaul transport cannot accomplish
this latency level in X2 interface.
CRAN unfolds complexity of capillarity for access
trasportation;
Although there are fronthaul standards, but each
vendor implemented its own flavor: OBSAI, CPRI
versions;
CPRI/OBSAI requires low latency 5 micro
seconds in total, that introduces limitation of 40
km in terms of distance between BBU and RRU;
mmWave has a benefit to provide a very high
capacity but a short range coverage. Thus,
multiplying the number of Smallcells .
These Smallcells will be controlled in the cloud
(Cloud RAN) and will need fiber optics for
connectivity;
Combination of huge number of Smallcells with
fiber premises for connectivity will bring an
important concern for 5G infrastructure.

17. New Fronthaul Network
CPRI
RoE
SBI/Fronthaul
NBI/Internet
Hardware Poll
Virtualization Layer
BBU1
...
O&M/Orchestrator
BBU2
BBUn
EPC
IMS
MTAS
RRH
RRH
RRH
Time Sensitive
Network (TSN)
Fronthaul
IP Backhaul
SDNController
IEEE
1588
vBBU in MEC,
Radoi Cloud
Center or Telco
Datacenter
Radio over
Ethernet 
CPRI converter
Ethernet TSN
based Network
RAU
RF/DF
L1Off.
NGFI
CPRI
RoE
Agg.
NEW TRANSPORT NETWORK HIGH TRANSMISSION CAPILLARITYNEW TRANSPORT INTERFACESS
IEEE P1914.3 - CPRI over Ethernet mapper/de-mapper
IEEE P1914.1 – (NGFI) Next Generation Fronthaul Interface
IEEE 802.3 – (TSN) Time Sensitive Network features
IEEE 1588v2 – Synchronization
L2(MAC/RLC/PDCP)L1(PHY)
Resource
Mapping & IFFT
Layer Mapping
Precoding
Modulation
Bit-level
Processing
Resource
Mapping & FFT
Layer Mapping
Precoding
IDFT &
Demodulation
Bit-level
Processing
Low MAC
High MAC
RLC
Dual
Connection
PDCP
CPRI
PHY Pre – PHY IFFT
PHY Bit – PHY Sym
MAC - PHY
MAC Hi – MAC Lo
PLCP - RLC
FronthaulBandwidthRequirement
FronthaulDelayRequirement
High Stringent
Low Relaxed
CentralizedGain
High
Low
FronthaulCost
High
Low
SBI/Fronthaul
NBI/Internet
Hardware Poll
Virtualization Layer
BBU1
...
O&M/Orchestrator
BBU2
BBUn
EPC
IMS
MTAS
RRH
Next Generation Fronthaul Interface
Network Slicing & Flexible Protocol Stack Split
Load Balancing and Statistical Mutiplexing
MIMO => RRH
Cordinating function => vBBU
V-RAN

18. Final Words
● 5G Requirements. 5G imposes several challenges in terms of system resource and technology lifecycle management; radio
access architecture evolution; due a combination of very different service requirements: massive type communications;
mission-critical and extreme mobile broadband services;
● SmallCells. It will be important tool to accomplish target demand 800 Mbps/km2 and above;
● MIMO. However, for accomplishing high spectral efficiency (30 bps/Hz ) there is required to explore spatial modulation, such
as: massive MIMO and beaforming;
● mmWave. It will be an important frequency for high density traffic due: a high bandwidth and easy for high order MIMO
(massive) technology design;
● MEC. MEC in conjunction with SDN+NFV will play an important role as affordable environment to accommodate very different
service requirement by optimizing network and computational resources;
● 5G Infrastructure. Combination of huge number of Smallcells with fiber premises for connectivity will bring an important
concern for Smallcells and 5G infrastructure.
● New Fronthaul. New network and interfaces for fronthaul are under standardization (TSN, RoE, NGFI, etc.) for replacing
traditional CPRI radio interface and it promises to solve fiber as main transmission resource requirement. But not in all cases;
● Fiber. Fiber is still main requirement for 5G Cell Sites (Macro and Small). Oi, as fixed incumbent operator in 26 Brazilian
states, with over 370,000 km of fiber, is being prepared to support 5G for own mobile network service, but all remainder
Brazilian mobile operators.

19. Alberto Boaventura
alberto@oi.net.br
¡Gracias!
Thanks!
Obrigado!
Q&A