2. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources - WindSources - Wind
Advantages:
Friendly to surrounding environments
No fossil fuels being burnt
Takes up less space then the average
power station
Only occupies a few square meters
for the base
Land around the turbine can be
used for other purposes such as
agriculture
Newer technology makes extracting
energy from wind more efficient
Turbines for wind can be modified in
size for the needs of the surrounding
Also can be modified based on the
population it is supporting
Combined with solar power energy, can
be a great steady source of incoming
energy
Renewable
3. Wind Energy’sWind Energy’s
DisadvantageDisadvantage
Unreliable
wind comes and goes at its own
rate
Sometimes the wind can be
too weak in certain regions
Produces a lot less electricity
then fossil fuel
Many turbines need to be
constructed
Expensive construction
Potentially damages
environment while building
the turbines
Amount of noise a turbine makes:
similar to a small jet engine
Some argue it mars the beauty of
nature
4. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
SourcesSources -- Clean CoalClean Coal
TechnologyTechnology
Advantages:
Does not release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere
Easy to dig up and produce
We can continue to use coal
as we always did for a couple
hundred more years since we
are putting all the carbon
dioxide back into the ground
Not as expensive of a
project as wind or water
power
Coal miners can keep their
jobs
5. Clean Coal TechnologyClean Coal Technology ’s’s
DisadvantageDisadvantage
Other forms of pollutions
besides carbon dioxide will
still be emitted
Selenium and arsenic for
example
Governments will be
reluctant to spend money on
research into renewable
technologies like solar, wind
or water power
Many scientists are still a
little skeptical that clean
coal is truly cleaner then
regular coal, since there is a
chance carbon dioxide can
escape the ground and get
back into the atmosphere
6. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources – Fossil FuelSources – Fossil Fuel
Advantages:
Good availability.
Simple process to produce
heat or electricity.
Inexpensive.
Easy to distribute around the
world.
Disadvantages:
Most likely source of global
warming, burning fossil fuels is
contributed to this.
Prices fluctuate based on the
politics of region where it is
coming from.
Acid rain can be produced
because of fossil fuel.
Nonrenewable source.
7. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources -Sources - GeothermalGeothermal
energyenergy
Advantages:
It is globally sustainable.
Geothermal energy is safer then fossil fuels.
It’s a “base-load” energy source.
The power plants take up very little room.
8. Geothermal energyGeothermal energy’s’s
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Disadvantages:
Greenhouse gas emissions
and toxic chemical emissions.
Hot water from geothermal
sources has traces of
dangerous elements
(mercury, boron, arsenic,
antimony)
Localized depletion
(geothermal sites eventually
will lose heat and water)
Cause geological instability,
causing seismic events to
take place.
Expensive, drilling to tap the
resource alone accounts for
over half of the costs to
erect a geothermal energy
site.
9. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources – Hydro PowerSources – Hydro Power
Advantages:
Electricity can be produced at a
constant rate.
If electricity is not needed, the
sluice gates can be shut, stopping
electricity generation.
The water can be saved for use
another time when electricity
demand is high.
Designed to last many decades.
The lake that forms behind the
dam can be used for water sports
and leisure / pleasure activities.
The lake's water can be used for
irrigation purposes.
When in use, electricity produced
by dam systems do not produce
green house gases.
10. Hydro Power’sHydro Power’s
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Dams are extremely expensive to
build and must be built to a very
high standard.
They must operate for many
decades to become profitable.
The flooding of large areas of
land can destroy the natural
environment
People living in villages and towns
that are in the valley to be
flooded, must move out.
The building of large dams can
cause serious geological damage.
Hoover Dam in the USA
triggered a number of earth
quakes and has depressed the
earth’s surface at its location.
In the past old dams have been
known to be breached (the dam
gives under the weight of water in
the lake)
Dams built blocking the progress
of a river in one country usually
means that the water supply from
the same river in the following
country is out of their control.
This can lead to serious
problems between neighboring
countries.
Building a large dam alters the
natural water table level.
Aswan Dam in Egypt has
altered the level of the water
table. This is slowly leading to
damage of many of its ancient
monuments as salts and
destructive minerals are
deposited in the stone work
from ‘rising damp’ caused by
the changing water table level.
11. Alternative EnergyAlternative Energy
Sources – NuclearSources – Nuclear
EnergyEnergy
Advantages:
Does not require a lot of space.
Nuclear is the most concentrated
form of energy by far.
Clean, does not pollute in same
ways fossil fuel does (read more
about this in disadvantages.)
Disadvantages:
Fission meltdowns, very very
deadly, See Chernobyl for
example.
Produces radiation which is
harmful to human health.
Potentially can kill people.
These nuclear reactors will only
last for 40 to 50 years.
Contrary to popular belief, nuclear
energy is NOT a renewable energy
source.
12. Solar EnergySolar Energy Definition: radiant light and heat
from the sun that is used and
transformed into different
types of energy.
Most abundant source of
renewable energy on the planet
Production of solar energy uses
heat engines and photovoltaic
The most common way of
collecting solar energy is by use
of solar panels
energy storage methods:
paraffin wax
glaubers salt
salts are good
low cost
high specific heat levels and
can deliver the right
temperature heat to
conventional heating systems
13. Advantages/Advantages/
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Advantages
Long lasting
Can be used anywhere
Silent and non polluting
Solar cells can be added when
there is demand for more energy
Sunlight that reaches the earth
everyday is 200,000 times the
total electrical energy
generated everyday
Solar power production is
growing rapidly
It is a secure type of energy
Disadvantages
High initial cost
Takes a lot of solar panels to be
efficient initially
Can only generate during the day
Cost about twice of what fossil
fuels do
14. Facts about SolarFacts about Solar
PowerPower
passive or active solar:
Active; photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors
Passive; buildings pointed to the sun, spaces within buildings with rooms that
circulate air, and building with materials that have a favorable thermal mass
Solar wind and biomass are the top consumed type of energies from humans
Biomass could lead solar in terms of consumption, but it is a cause of global
warming and is bad for agriculture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmWrGPKcMNM
15. ApplicationsApplications
Houses:
solar lighting, heating and ventilation
systems
pumps fans and windows
Use natural solar lighting when
building
Hybrid solar lighting: faces mirrors
track the sun throughout the day and
use optical fibers to distribute it
Water heating: china and Cyprus have
the most amount of solar thermal
water heaters
Farming:
greenhouses turn solar energy to hear
Photovoltaic cells: collect photons and
release electrons as energy
Made of silicon
as small as a calculator and as large as
pods in desert
parabolic discs
16. Solar Energy in DailySolar Energy in Daily
LifeLife
Water heating system
(Schematic diagram )
Basic Theory: Collect the
solar radiation, transfer it to
heat energy and apply in
our daily life.
As the solar panel collect
the heat from the solar and
transfer it to the water inside
the pipe, the water is
heated and outflow from
the other pipe.
Then, we may use the hot
water in the showers,
warming machine.
17. Solar Energy forSolar Energy for
Industrial ApplicationsIndustrial Applications
Basic Theory of Solar power
plant
(1). Sunlight → Heat →
Electricity: transfer the
heat from the solar thermal
collector to working
medium steam, then the
steam gas turbine engine
drive the electric generator
to generate electricity.
(2) Sunlight → Electricity:
Due to the photovoltaic
effect, we may trans the
light to electric energy
directly.
The Electricity may be used
for microwave, TV, radio,
telemetry, radio telephones
and industrial production.