Cholera is a bacterial disease spread through contaminated water that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. If left untreated, cholera can cause death within hours through dehydration. The bacteria secretes a toxin in the small intestine that causes massive watery diarrhea. Without treatment, patients can go into shock and die due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances as a result of severe dehydration. Treatment involves oral rehydration and intravenous fluids along with antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

1. Prepared by :

2. Cholera is a bacterial gastrointestinal disease
usually spread through contaminated water.
Cholera causes severe diarrhea and
dehydration. Left untreated, cholera can be
fatal within hours, even in previously healthy
people.

3. Transmission occur by food or water contaminated
feces from a patient or carrier.
Spread may occur from case to case vie direct
contact of feces or vomit.
It occur mostly at hot humid season.
Bacteria : vibro cholera

4. Vibro cholera multiply in the lumen of the small
intestine and are non-invasive .
They secret a powerful exotoxin which activates
adenylyl l cyclase in intestinal epithelial cells of the
small intestine producing hyper secretion of water
and chloride causing massive diarrhea of up to 15
liter per day. severe dehydration follows rapidly it
may lead to acidosis and depletion of sodium and
potassium.

5. Stage of evacuation:
•Sudden onset of frequent loose motion
without pain initially yellow soon become
colorless watery typically rice-water stools
which consist of clear fluid and flecks of
mucus.
• watery vomiting
•Nausea

6. Stage of collapse:
•Dehydration
•Muscular cramps
•Cold , clammy and wrinkled skin
•Sunken eyes
•Hypotension
•Pulse not palpable
•Urine out put diminished

7. •Shock
•Hypotension
•Acidosis
•Acute renal failure
•Hypoglycemia
•Hypokalemia
•Death

8. •Diagnosis is usually clinical
•Presence of rapidly motile vibros in fresh
stool by dark- field illumination is diagnostic
slide under microscope.
•Stools culture

9. •Rehydration :
ORS
Intravenous fluids replacement
•Antibiotics :
ciprofloxacin iv twice daily
Or
Tetracycline IV 6 hourly for 24 hour.
•Oral antibiotics
ciprofloxacin
•Zinc supplements