Central Public Works Department (CPWD) summer training report

A REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING
Starting Date of Training: 22 May 2017
End Date of Training: 15 July 2017
By
AMAN GUPTA
14065010
SENIOR UNDERGRADUATE CIVIL ENGINEERING
IIT (BHU) VARANASI-221005
Guided by
Sujeet Kumar
Assistant Executive Engineer
Central Public Works Department
(B.H.U) Varanasi

Central Public Works Department,BHU,Varanasi (221005) Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at CPWD.
I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for issuing a Training
letter, which made my training possible at CPWD,Varanasi.
I would like to express my gratitude to Er Sujeet Kumar for his
invaluable suggestions, motivation,guidance and support through out the training.His
methodology to start from simple and then deep knowledge made me to bring out
this project report without anxiety.
Thanks to all other CPWD officials, operators and all other members
of CPWD, yet uncounted for their help in completing the project and see the light
ofsuccess.
I am very thankful to friends, colleagues and all other persons who rendered
their assistance directly or indirectly to complete this project work successfully.
I extended my due thanks to site engineerwho gave mevaluable time and suggestions and
guide me a lot at various stages of my Summer Training.
Dated- July 2017 AMAN GUPTA
(14065010)

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. PROJECT OVERVIEW 5
3. SITE LOCATION 6
4. FORMWORK 7-9
5. PLANNING 10-12
6. SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK 13
7. PROJECT MONITORING 14-16
8. WORK PROGRESS 17
9. BUILDING MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION 18-19
10. COST ESTIMATION 20
11. CPWD SPECIFICATIONS 21-23
12. GREEN BUILDING NORMS 24-25
13. CONCLUSION 26

INTRODUCTION
ABOUT
The Central Public Works Department of India is a Central Government owned
authority that is in charge of public sector works in the country. Central Public Works
Department (CPWD) under Ministry of Urban Development is entrusted with
construction and maintenance of buildings for most of the Central Government
Departments, Public undertakings and autonomous bodies.
In the Indian History both pre and post independence - CPWD has a glorious
era of more than 150 year with dedicated, energetic and committed corps of Engineers
and Architects. Before being re-structured to its present form in 1930 “Central Public
Works Department” originated in July 1854 when the Governor General of India decided
to set up a Central Agency:
“to exercise universal control over public works in India with best of scientific knowledge
with authority & system”.
Central Public Works Department, Varanasi is the premier agency
of Govt. of India engaged in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of
Government assets in the field of built environment and infrastructure development.
Assets in built environment include Hospitals, Schools, Colleges, Technical Institutes,
Police Buildings, Prisons, Courts etc; assets in infrastructure development include Roads,
Bridges, Flyovers, Footpaths, Subways etc.
CPWD Varanasi also sustains and preserves these assets through a
well developed system of maintenance which includes amongst others specialized services
like rehabilitation works, roads signage and aesthetic treatments like interiors, monument
lighting, landscaping.

PROJECT OVERVIEW
SITE 1:
NAME OF SITE: Construction of Instrumental central Discovery centre near
computer centre(Kendriya Anusandhan Kendra) at BHU Varanasi(G+6 STOREY)
NAME OF CONTRACTOR: M/S Kashyapi Infrastructure Pvt Ltd.
ESTIMATED COST: Civil Work- Rs 54,00,36,089/-
DATE OF START: 30-03-2016
STIPULATED DATE OF
COMPLETION: 29-11-2017
ACTUAL DATE OF Work is Under Progress
COMPLETION: (80% Work is Completed)
TIME ALLOWED : 18 Months
SITE 2:
NAME OF SITE: Construction of Girls at IIT BHU Varanasi, U.P. (G+6 STOREY)
NAME OF CONTRACTOR: M/S Winner Construction Pvt Ltd.
ESTIMATED COST: Civil Work- Rs 50,10,36,279/-
DATE OF START: 30-11-2016
STIPULATED DATE OF
COMPLETION: 29-11-2018
TIME ALLOWED : 24 Months

SITE LOCATION
Site 1
Site 2

FORMWORK
Formwork is a mould or die used to support and shape the concrete until it attains sufficient to
carry its own weight. The formwork holds the concrete until it hardens to required shape and
size.
SIGNIFICANCE OF FORMWORK
1) Formwork constitutes 30% of the cost and 60% of the time in concrete construction.
2) Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depends very much on the formwork
system
3) Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork not done properly.
4) Formwork should be properly designed, fabricated and erected to receive concrete.
5) Accidents happen because of the faulty formwork and scaffolding or staging.
SAFETY IN USING FORMWORK:-
1) Components are light in weight for manual handling.
2) Loose or hanging components are minimal.
3) Appropriate use of tools.
4) Minimum operations are involved in each reuse.
TYPES OF FORMWORK
1) Flex system
2) Quick deck system
3) Aluform system
4) Flex table formwork

Footing Construction

COLUMN CONSTRUCTION WORK
Batching Plant

PLANNINg
Planning of a CPWD Project mainly includes:-
 Pre-requisites for execution of work.
 Deposit works
 Preparation of estimates.
 Execution of original work.
 Expenditure on survey, exhibition.
 Register of buildings.
 Green building norms.
 Preparation and accounting of Standard Measurement book.
 Preparation and passing bills for payment.
 Documentation of accounts.
 General departmental charges.
 Contracts and forms.
 Preparation of tender documents.
 Publicity of tenders
 Sale of documents
 Earnest money.
 Issue of material to contractors.
 Issue of tool and plant.
 Payment to contractors
 Insurance
 Losses or damages.
 Budgeting
 Quality assurance and technical audit wing.
 Inspection and Audit by Chief Controller.
 Public accounts committee.

SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK
Following are the sequence in which work is taking place in any site.This sequence
must be followed for proper coordination of project before its deadline with full
quality
 Site clearance
 Demarcation of site
 Positioning of central coordinate i.e. (0,0,0) as per grid plan
 Surveying and layout
 Excavation
 Laying of PCC
 Bar binding and placement of foundation steel
 Shuttering and scaffolding
 Concreting
 Electrical and plumbing
 Deshuttering
 Brickwork
 Doors and Windows frames along with Lintel
 Wiring for Electrical purposes
 Plastering
 Flooring and tiling work
 Painting
 Final Completion and handling of project

PROJECT MONITORING
PROJECT MONITORING SYSTEM
This is done to continuously track the performance of the project progress, cost sand
condition contribution. Corrective actions can be taken when required and provides data.
The following three reports are made for the tracking-
 Monthly progress report
 Job cost report
 Project performance report.
QUALITY:
The technical audit of works done by CPWD used to be done in-house right from its
inception. The functions of Quality Assurance and Technical Audit of works were shifted
to CVC in the year 1964. On the recommendation of Ranganathan Committee, the Quality
Assurance functions were again shifted to CPWD in the year 1979.
The implementation of Quality Assurance in the field will require close co-operation
among the three agencies, namely (a) field engineers (b) the construction agency, and (c)
the Quality Assurance team at Circle level for strict compliance of Quality Assurance
Procedure forming part of agreement.
Quality Control System Of The Department
Multi level Quality checks have been created in CPWD as detailed below:

Field level
The direct responsibility for ensuring proper quality of work as per approved
specifications for achieving the intended performance and structural, functional and
aesthetical parameters, and the desired life of the building/installation/structure rests
with the construction team of Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer and Junior Engineer.
Quality Control team at Circle Level
To keep a watch on the effectiveness/adequacy of Quality Assurance measures at site, a
Quality Assurance team with SE of the circle as its head and comprising of one AE.
The functions of the Quality Assurance team at Circle level are to check the compliance
of Quality Assurance system by the field units, to locate the lapse/deficiency in the
implementation of the Quality Assurance Plan, and to guide the field engineers in quality
related aspects of the work.
Core Wing at Directorate Level
This Core Wing carries out the following main functions to ensure systematic and
comprehensive Assurance of quality in the works: -
· Quality Assurance of works under the Special DG(S&P), (TD), ADG (Border) and
Engineer- in- Chief (CPWD), Varanasi.
· Carry out comprehensive examination & technical audit of works.
· To carry out investigations and enquiries with regard to quality related aspects.
Quality Assurance units in the Regions
Quality Assurance works in various Regions are being looked after by the Regional QA
units headed by the Superintending Engineer (TLQA) or Director Works of the Region.

CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (CSQ)
The CSQ unit of CPWD is responsible for Contract related matters and quality assurance
functions. The unit headed by a Chief Engineer is located in Nirman Bhawan and has 5
separate cells headed by superintending engineers to look after specific areas. The
specific areas are
1.Contract & Manual
2.Standards and Specifications
3.Quality Assurance
4.Techno-Legal matters
5.Technology Application & Standards Unit.
The unit is also responsible for enlistment of class-1 contractors in CPWD besides
formulating rules and regulations for enlistment of contractors by different authorities.
All contract related issues, techno legal issues referred to DGW by field units or by other
organisations are dealt by this unit. The responsibility of bringing out schedules and
specifications also rests with the CSQ unit.

WORK PROGRESS
I have completed eight weeks summer training at CPWD,Varanasi during which I worked on
two Sites.First site is Instrumental central Discovery centre near computer centre (Kendriya
Anusandhan Kendra) BHU, Varanasi and second site is new girls hostel construction near
Saatwik Mess.
I worked during my first week on site 1 and for remaining weeks I was engaged in site 2.
Site 1 is almost 80% completed by the time I visited there, therefore I switch to site no 2 for
remaning weeks as this construction was almost started a few months back.
During my first week, I saw formation of slab of 4th floor in 6 storey building of (Kendriya
Anusandhan Kendra along with connection of various electrical and plumbing fittings.During
that time of construction, contractor also did finishing work on first,second and third
floor.Construction and finishing work takes place simultaneously at this site. Also Isolated
footings of a structure which will become cafetaria also laden down during that period of
time.
For remaining weeks, I engaged in site 2 which is Construction of girls hostel in IIT BHU
campus. Details of this site is as:
Type of building: Girls Hostel at IIT BHU Campus. (G+ 6 storey building)
Building Area: (70m X 99m).Total plot area=6930 m2
RL(Reduced Level): 100 m
NGL(Natural Ground Level): 99.3 m
PL(Plinth Level): 104.4 m
Excavation: 2 m (ie 97.3 m)
Work Carried out site 2 during 1 june to 15 july
Combined footing: CF-9, CF6, CF-2 of height 90 cm
Isolated Footing: Isolated footing present at grid 28
Excavation: CF-6, CF-2 and all
Plinth beam
Brickwork
Walls: Walls of various rooms were constructed
Columns
Slabs: slab of first floor of some parts was layed during that period

BUILDING MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION
Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. Many naturally
occurring substances, such as clay, sand, wood and rocks, even twigs and leaves have
been used to construct buildings.
Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some
more and some less synthetic. The manufacture of building materials is an established
industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into
specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, plumbing, roofing and insulation work. This
reference deals with habitats and structures including homes.
Types of Building Materials Used in Construction

Natural Building Materials
Building materials can be generally categorized into two sources, natural and synthetic.
Natural building materials are those that are unprocessed or minimally processed by
industry, such as lumber or glass. Synthetic materials are made in industrial settings after
much human manipulations, such as plastics and petroleum based paints. Both have their
uses.
Mud, stone, and fibrous plants are the most basic building materials, aside from tents
made of flexible materials such as cloth or skins. People all over the world have used these
three materials together to create homes to suit their local weather conditions.
In general stone and/or brush are used as basic structural components in these buildings,
while mud is used to fill in the space between, acting as a type of concrete and
insulation.Following are the main building materials used:
 Fabric
 Mud and Clay
 Rock
 Thatch
 Brush
 Ice
 Wood
 Brick and Block
 Concrete
 Cement Composites
 Metal (Steel and other metals like Aluminium,Brass)
 Glass
 Ceramics
 Plastics
 Foam
 Modern and virtural materials like photographs, text,antiques for decoration
purposes

COST ESTIMATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Cost Estimation of various building materials are done along with some rules and
specifications.Various contractors and companies used different method of cost
estimation but one thing is common in all them which is they first calculate area,volume
and some other thing according to requirements.Then they multiply the area,volume etc.
to cost of 1 unit of these and calculate total cost of project. Different Companies uses
different rates of evaluation, while CPWD uses DSR (Delhi schedule of rates) for cost
estimation.
All other thing are calculated before filling the tendor like aggregate,admixture, labour
prices and other things in which contractor adjusts prices according to inflation slightly in
construction period,if prices of these thing sudden go up very large then it may loss the
contractor and vice versa. But cement price and steel price are evaluated at market prices
always in tendor. Any prices changes whether positive and negative would affect total
budget of project and CPWD gives money according to tendor issued at latest prices. In
this way they calculate prices.
Different materials are measured as:
Concrete: m3
Aggregates: m3
Admixutes: In Litres
Excavation: m3
Shuttering: (LXB) in m2
Steel: From BBS ( Bar Bending Schedule)
Paint: m2
Labour Cost: According to wage rate set by contractor
Concrete: M25 Grade with ratio of 1:1:2
Steel: Fe 500 TMT Bars
Concrete is mixed in batching plant and brought in site through pump and by labourers

CPWD SPECIFICATIONS
CPWD has formed its own specifications according to various codal provisons which is to
followed in every site
Out of which most important are
SITE CLEARANCE
Before the earth work is started, the area coming under cutting and filling shall be cleared
of shrubs, rank vegetation, grass, brushwood, trees and saplings of girth up to 30cm
measured at a height of one metre above ground level and rubbish removed up to a
distance of 50 metres outside the periphery of the area under clearance. The roots of
trees and saplings shall be removed to a depth of 60cm below ground level or 30 cm
below formation level or 15 cm below sub grade level, whichever is lower, and the holes
or hollows filled up with the earth, rammed and leveled.
SETTING OUT AND MAKING PROFILES
A masonry pillar to serve as a bench mark will be erected at a suitable point in the area,
which is visible from the largest area. This bench mark shall be constructed as per Fig. 2.1
and connected with the standard bench mark as approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.
Necessary profiles with strings stretched on pegs, bamboos or ‘Burjis’ shall be made to
indicate the correct formation levels before the work is started. The contractor shall
supply labour and material for constructing bench mark, setting out and making profiles
and connecting bench mark with the standard bench mark at his own cost. The pegs,
bamboos or ‘Burjis’ and the bench mark shall be maintained by the contractor at his own
cost during the excavation to check the profiles.
BLASTING
Where hard rock is met with and blasting operations are considered necessary, the
contractor shall obtain the approval of the Engineer-in-Charge in writing for resorting to
blasting operation.

Note: In ordinary rock blasting operations shall not be generally adopted. However, the
contractor may resort to blasting with the permission of the Engineer-in-charge, but
nothing extra shall be paid for such blasting operations.
General Precautions
For the safety of persons red flags shall be prominently displayed around the area where
blasting operations are to be carried out. All the workers at site, except those who actually
ignite the fuse, shall withdraw to a safe distance of at least 200 metres from the blasting
site. Audio warning by blowing whistle shall be given before igniting the fuse.
Blasting work shall be done under careful supervision and trained personnel shall be
employed. Blasting shall not be done with in 200 metres of an existing structure, unless
specifically permitted by the Engineer-in-Charge in writing.
All procedures and safety precautions for the use of explosives drilling and loading of
explosives drilling and loading of explosives before and after shot firing and disposal of
explosives shall be taken by the contractor as detailed in IS 4081, safety code for blasting
and related drilling operation.
EXCAVATION IN ALL KINDS OF SOILS
All excavation operations manually or by mechanical means shall include excavation and
‘getting out’ the excavated materials. In case of excavation for trenches, basements,
water tanks etc. ‘getting out’ shall include throwing the excavated materials at a distance
of at least one metre or half the depth of excavation, whichever is more, clear off the
edge of excavation. In all other cases ‘getting out’ shall include depositing the excavated
materials as specified. The subsequent disposal of the excavated material shall be either
stated as a separate item or included with the items of excavation stating lead.
MEASUREMENTS
The length and breadth of excavation or filling shall be measured with a steel tape correct
to the nearest cm. The depth of cutting or height of filling shall be measured, correct to 5
mm, by recording levels before the start of the work and after the completion of the work.
The cubical contents shall be worked out to the nearest two places of decimal in cubic
metres.
In case of open footings up to the depth of 1.5 metres, alround excavation of 30 cm.
beyond the outer dimension of footing shall be measured for payment to make

allowances for centering and shuttering. Any additional excavation beyond this limit shall
be at the risk and cost of the contractor and shall not be measured for payment.
In case of open footings/Rafts at a depth of more than 1.5 metre, alround excavation of
75 cm shall be measured for payment to make allowance for centering and shuttering.
Additional excavation beyond this limit shall be at the risk and cost of the contractor and
shall not be measured for payment.
In case the ground is fairly uniform and where the site is not required to be levelled, the
Engineer-in-Charge may permit the measurements of depth of cutting or height of filling
with steel tape, correct to the nearest cm. In case of borrow pits, diagonal ridges, cross
ridges or dead-men, the position of which shall be fixed by the Engineer-in-Charge, shall
be left by the contractor to permit accurate measurements being taken with steel tape
on the completion of the work Deduction of such ridges and dead men shall be made
from the measurements unless the same are required to be removed later on and the
earth so removed is utilized in the work. In the latter case nothing extra will be paid for
their removal as subsequent operation.
Rates:
Rates of project are calculated according to Delhi schedule of rates (DSR).The works
which are defined as above are been calculated in their respective units and
corresponding rates are calculated according to table given by DSR. Total area,volume are
calculated whatever the case may be is then multiplied by unit cost of that material
according to DSR. In this way we calculate rates of various entities. After that total cost is
calculated by summing up all cost of entities.

GREEN BUILDING
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both
a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to
design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.This requires
close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all
project stages.The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, conserves
natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as
compared to a conventional building. IGBC is leading green building movement in the
country
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the
design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which was
Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. Other certificates system that confirms the
sustainability of buildings is the British BREEAM (Building Research Establishment
Environmental Assessment Method) for buildings and large scale developments.
Currently, World Green Building Council is conducting research on the effects of green
buildings on the health and productivity of their users and is working with World Bank to
promote Green Buildings in Emerging Markets through EDGE Excellence in Design for
Greater Efficiencies Market Transformation Program and certification.
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC):
The Indian Green Building Council, part of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) was
formed in the year 2001. The vision of the council is, "To enable a sustainable built
environment for all and facilitate India to be one of the global leaders in the sustainable
built environment by 2025".
The council offers a wide array of services which include developing new green building
rating programmes, certification services and green building training programmes. The
council also organises Green Building Congress, its annual flagship event on green
buildings.

The council is committee-based, member-driven and consensus-focused. All the
stakeholders of the construction industry including architects, developers, product
manufacturers, corporate, Government, academia and nodal agencies participate in the
council activities through local chapters. The council also closely works with several State
Governments, Central Government, World Green Building Council, bilateral multi-lateral
agencies in promoting green building concepts in the country.
BEE Certification:
The Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched the Energy Conservation Building
Code (ECBC). The code is set for energy efficiency standards for design and construction
with any building of minimum conditioned area of 1000 Sq mts and a connected demand
of power of 500 KW or 600 KVA. The energy performance index of the code is set from
90 kW·h/sqm/year to 200 kW·h/sqm/year where any buildings that fall under the index
can be termed as "ECBC Compliant Building"
Moreover, the BEE launched a five-star rating scheme for office buildings operated only
in the day time in three climatic zones, composite, hot&dry, warm&humid on 25 February
2009. IGBC rated green buildings are also able to meet or exceed the ECBC compliance.
The CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre is a BEE 5 star-rated building.
The Reserve Bank of India's buildings in Delhi, Bhubaneshwar in Orissa and in Kerala have
been star rated.
In Tamil Nadu 11 buildings were star rated by BEE, in the year 2010, including RBI
buildings.
Green Houses:
In Tamil Nadu, the government is planning to build solar-powered green houses for rural
poor. It has allotted Rs.1058 crore for construction of 60,000 houses.[7]
In Maharashtra, near Mumbai in the Thane District, Govardhan Eco Village, a community
in India, has built buildings with compressed stabilized Earth blocks, Rammed Earth
Technique, Cob Houses(ADOBE Bricks) with traditional thatched roofs. These buildings
have received a five-star rating from GRIHA, an Indian Nationwide Green Standards for
Buildings, a wing of the famous TERI.

CONCLUSION:
I had a wonderful learning experience at CPWD Varanasi (221005) for Eight Weeks. I
gained a lot of insight regarding almost every aspect of various sites. I was given exposure
in almost all the departments at the site, but I had liked to highlight the areas of building
material and construction,CPWD specifications and DSR(Delhi schedule of rates), quality
management, material management and execution.
I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and also in shaping my career.

Central Public Works Department (CPWD) summer training report

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