Traditional monolithic architectures are hard to scale. As an application's code base grows, it becomes too complex to update and maintain. Introducing new features, languages, frameworks, and technologies becomes hard, limiting innovation and new ideas. Within a microservices architecture, each application component runs as its own service and communicates with other services through a well-defined API. Microservices are built around business capabilities, and each service performs a single function. In this workshop, we show you how to run a simple monolithic application in a Docker container, deploy the same application as microservices, and switch traffic to the microservices without downtime.

1. © 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.S U M M I T
Mythical Mysfits: Monolith to microservices
with Docker and AWS Fargate
Andy Mui
Solutions architect
AWS
M A D 3 0 5

2. © 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.S U M M I T
Agenda
Containers and Docker
Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
Fargate
Monolith to microservices
Hands-on lab

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Containers and Docker
A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its
dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing
environment to another.1
1 https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container
Server
Operating system
Docker Engine
AppA
AppB
AppC
AppD

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Docker architecture
Docker daemon manages images, containers,
networks, and volumes
Docker CLI communicates with Docker daemon
through a REST API
Sample commands:
docker build – Build image from Dockerfile
docker images – List images on Docker host
docker run – Run an image
docker ps – List running containers
docker stop – Stop a running container
Docker daemon/
REST API
Docker host
Container 1
Container 2
Container n
Ubuntu image
Nginx image
Custom image
Docker client
Docker registry
Docker
hub

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Docker image
Read-only template
Used to launch container
Start with base image, additional data, or
dependencies added as layers
Union file system merges layers into a single
image
Instructions documented in Dockerfile
Kernel
Base image
Image layer
Image layer
Image layer
References
parent-image
layer

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Dockerfile
FROM dockerfile/ubuntu
RUN
add-apt-repository -y ppa:nginx/stable &&
apt-get update &&
apt-get install -y nginx &&
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* &&
echo "ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf &&
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/lib/nginx
VOLUME ["/etc/nginx/sites-enabled",
"/etc/nginx/conf.d", "/var/log/nginx",
"/var/www/html"]
WORKDIR /etc/nginx
CMD ["nginx"]
EXPOSE 80
Pull base image
Install Nginx
Define mountable
directories
Define working
directory
Define default
command
Expose ports
yourimage:1.0.0
9c9e81692ae9
02071fceb21b
b35224abf821
fbc63d321d73
8c2e06607696
E7829950cee3

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Amazon ECS and Fargate
Scheduling and orchestration
Cluster manager Placement engine
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Availability Zone 3
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
Container 1 Container 1

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Amazon ECS constructs
Cluster
• Resource grouping and isolation
• AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions boundary
Service
• Maintains desired number of
running tasks
• Replaces unhealthy tasks
• Elastic Load Balancing integration
Task
• Running instance of a task
definition
• One or more containers
Task definition
• Template used by Amazon ECS to
launch tasks
• Parallels to Docker run parameters
• Defines requirements:
• CPU/memory
• Container image(s)
• Logging
• IAM role
• Etc.
Container 1
Container 1
Container 1
Container 1 Container 1
{ ; }
JSON

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Task definition
{
"containerDefinitions": [
{
"memory": 128,
"portMappings": [
{
"hostPort": 80,
"containerPort": 80,
"protocol": "tcp"
}
],
"essential": true,
"name": "nginx-container",
"image": "nginx",
"logConfiguration": {
"logDriver": "awslogs",
"options": {
"awslogs-group": "ecs-log-streaming",
"awslogs-region": "us-west-2",
"awslogs-stream-prefix": "fargate-task-1"
}
},
continued…
"cpu": 0
}
],
"networkMode": "awsvpc",
"executionRoleArn":
"arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/ecsTask
ExecutionRole",
"memory": "2048",
"cpu": "1024",
"requiresCompatibilities": [
"FARGATE"
],
"family": "example_task_1"
}

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Microservices
“A software architecture style in which complex applications are composed of
small, independent processes communicating with each other using language-
agnostic APIs. These services are small, highly decoupled and focus on doing a
small task, facilitating a modular approach to system-building.” —Wikipedia
Further reading:
https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html

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Monolith to microservices
https://www.martinfowler.com/bliki/StranglerApplication.html

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Hands-on lab

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Our mission: Ethical, mythical creature care.
Our priority: Find homes for the abandoned, and often misunderstood, mythical creatures in our community.
Help us find their forever homes!
Your mission: Modernize and innovate on the Mythical stack .
Lab 1: Containerize the monolithic application.
Lab 2: Deploy containers using Fargate.
Lab 3: Scale and lay the foundation for microservices with an AWS Application Load Balancer.
Lab 4: Our developers completed Project Cuddle, which adds a “like” feature to the application. Since we want to move
to a microservices design, help us break this functionality from the monolith and deploy it with Fargate as its own
containerized microservice.
Welcome to Mythical Mysfits

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Private subnetPublic subnet
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
AWS Cloud
Lab 1: Build and test monolith Docker image
AWS Cloud9
Amazon
DynamoDB
Users
Amazon CloudWatch
Amazon Elastic
Container Registry
(Amazon ECR)
Amazon Simple
Storage Service
(Amazon S3)
Monolith

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Public subnet
Monolith
Private subnet
Amazon VPC
AWS Cloud
Lab 2: Deploy monolith with Fargate
Amazon
DynamoDB
Users
Amazon CloudWatch
Amazon ECR
Amazon S3
Fargate
Logs

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Private subnet Private subnet
Amazon VPC
AWS Cloud
Lab 3: Scale with an Application Load Balancer
Amazon
DynamoDB
Users
Amazon CloudWatch
Amazon ECR
Amazon S3
Fargate
Logs
Application Load
Balancer
Monolith
/

17. © 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.S U M M I T
Private subnet Private subnet
Amazon VPC
AWS Cloud
Lab 4: Deploy “like” microservice
Amazon
DynamoDB
Users
Amazon CloudWatch
Amazon ECR
Amazon S3
Fargate
Logs
Monolith
Fargate
Like microservice
/like
/fulfill-like
/

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Instructions:
https://mythicalmysfits.com/fargate-ws1
Raise your hand if you have any questions. Feel free to work together with folks at your table.
Near the end, we’ll hand out AWS credit codes to cover costs for the workshop.
High-five your neighbors and have fun! Please fill out feedback forms, and follow the clean-up
instructions once you are done!
Email us with comments/questions/feedback:
aws-mythical-mysfits@amazon.com
Logistics

19. Thank you!
S U M M I T © 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Andy Mui